William Pitt and the Great War by John Holland Rose (book club reads txt) 📕

to the Duke of York, 140, 220.

 

 

Nagel, Dutch envoy in London, appeals for help, 77.

 

Nantes, assault of, 136.

 

Naples, compact with England, 123, 143, 150, 267, 268;

  French conquest of, 372;

  Nelson's vengeance on, 376;

  makes peace with Bonaparte, 386;

  468.

 

Napoleon Bonaparte, 119, 120, 570;

  his "Souper de Beaucaire," 146;

  at Toulon, 147, 148, 151, 159;

  his Italian campaign, 243, 257, 258, 276, 304, 308, 321, 365;

  his Eastern expedition, 244, 245, 255, 258, 276, 278, 328, 350, 356,

    357, 363, 364, 430;

  disperses the royalist rising in Paris (1795), 263;

  peace of Campo Formio, 327;

  at Dunkirk, 349;

  First Consul, 383, 468-470, 478;

  proposes terms of peace to Austria and England, 383, 568;

  battle of Marengo, 386, 387;

  dupes the Czar, 388;

  renews peace negotiations, 468;

  his conquests (1802), 478;

  his behaviour to Whitworth, 485;

  declares war on England, 487;

  threatened invasion of England, 493, 510, 511;

  his position in 1804, 505;

  seizes Sir H. Rumbold, 515;

  again proposes terms of peace, 516;

  crowned King of Italy, 528;

  annexes Genoa, 528, 529;

  battle of Austerlitz, 544.

 

National Debt, the (1792), 31;

  (1801), 451.

 

National Defence, 278-281.

 

Navy, state of the (1793), 124;

  causes of discontent in, 310;

  mutinies at Spithead and the Nore, 310-320.

 

Needham, General, 361.

 

Neerwinden, battle of, 126, 127, 267.

 

Nelson, Lord, in Corsica, 256;

  on the position of Italy, 277;

  at Cape St. Vincent, 276, 309;

  battle of the Nile, 367-369;

  at Naples, 372, 376;

  battle of Copenhagen, 388, 450;

  interview with Pitt, 533;

  battle of Trafalgar, 534, 538, 565;

  death of, 521, 538.

 

Nepean, Sir Evan, on the Scottish prosecutions, 178;

  Pitt at his house, 459;

  Irish Secretary, 501, 519.

 

Netherlands, Austrian, ceded to France, 327.

 

Netherlands, Dutch. _See_ Dutch Republic.

 

New Ross, fight at, 360, 361.

 

New South Wales, 565.

 

Nicholls, Mr., 330, 472.

 

Nicols, General, 241.

 

Nile, battle of the, 368, 369.

 

Noël, French agent in London, 60, 69, 82, 89 _n._, 93, 94, 96.

 

Nonconformists, position of, 10, 11;

  no longer support Pitt, 12;

  riots in Birmingham, 18.

 

Nootka Sound dispute, the, 92, 154, 197, 235;

  Convention, 232.

 

Nore, the, mutiny at, 314-320.

 

Norfolk, Duke of, his seditious speech, 333;

  and Arthur O'Connor, 350.

 

Norwich, Bishop of. _See_ Sutton, Charles Manners, 477.

 

Norwich, Radical Clubs at, 168, 181, 186, 284.

 

Novossiltzoff, Count, his mission to London, 516, 522, 525;

  in Berlin, 528, 529.

 

 

O'Brien, Sir Edward, 408.

 

O'Coigly. _See_ Quigley.

 

O'Connor, Arthur, 346, 350, 351, 394.

 

O'Drusse, 325, 326.

 

O'Finn, the brothers, 351.

 

O'Hara, General, at Toulon, 153, 154, 156;

  captured, 157.

 

Orange, Prince of. _See_ William V.

 

Orange, Wilhelmina, Princess of, 250.

 

Orangemen, 344, 359;

  oppose the Union, 425.

 

Orde, Thomas (afterwards Lord Bolton), 39.

 

Orleans, Duke of (Philippe Egalité), 59, 79.

 

Otto, General, 208.

 

Oubril, Count d', 540, 541.

 

 

Pache, Jean Nicolas, French Minister of War, 83, 121.

 

Paine, Thomas, his "Rights of Man," 14-16, 19-23, 25, 26, 50, 167;

  intimate with Talleyrand, 51;

  elected as deputy for Calais, 61;

  circulation of his works, 167, 168, 175;

  prosecution of, 172;

  story of, 180.

 

Palmer, T. F., transported for sedition, 178, 179.

 

Paoli, Pascal, 150 _n._, 227, 256, 257.

 

Paris, deputation of British residents to the National Convention, 71;

  activity of Britons in, 175;

  royalist rising in, 263.

 

Parker, Vice-Admiral, 311.

 

Parker, Richard, and the Mutiny at the Nore, 314, 315.

 

Parker, Theresa, on the taxes of 1797, 329.

 

Parliament, movement for Reform, 11, 12, 21, 23-28, 164, 171, 180, 181;

  evolution of the Cabinet, 34;

  growing power of the Prime Minister, 34;

  election of 1796, 295.

 

Parnell, Sir John, Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer, 341, 401, 411.

 

Parsons, Sir L., 424.

 

Parthenopean Republic, the, 372.

 

Paterson, Chairman of the British Convention, 182.

 

Patriotic Contribution, the (1797), 330, 331.

 

Paul I, Czar, 258;

  his indignation with France, 365, 366, 368, 369;

  alliance with England, 373, 376;

  breaks with Austria, 379;

  joins England in the expedition against Holland, 380;

  duped by Bonaparte, 388;

  murdered, 388.

 

Pays Bas. _See_ Belgic Provinces.

 

Peel, Robert (senior), and the Patriotic Contribution, 331;

  on the Union, 428.

 

Peep o' Day Boys, 344.

 

Pelham, Thomas (afterwards Earl of Chichester), Secretary to Earl

    Camden, 343;

  Irish Chief Secretary, 359 _n._, 399;

  on Pitt's pledge to the King, 448;

  Home Secretary, 483, 484;

  omitted from Pitt's ministry, 501.

 

Perceval, Spencer, 466;

  Attorney-General 501, 569.

 

Perth, sedition in, 77, 174.

 

Pétion, Jérôme, 58.

 

Petty, Lord Henry, 520.

 

Pichegru, General Charles, 162, 200, 215, 216, 377.

 

Pilnitz, Declaration of, 5, 6.

 

Pinckard, Dr., his account of the West India expedition, 226.

 

Pitt, Lady Ann, marries Lord Grenville, 37.

 

Pitt, Thomas, of Boccanoc. _See_ Camelford, Lord.

 

Pitt, William, his neutrality towards the French Revolution, 3-5, 6, 8;

  first private meeting with Burke, 7, 8;

  distrusts Leopold II, 8;

  opposes Nonconformist claims, 10-12, 24;

  his opposition to Reform, 12, 23, 24, 26-28;

  his finance, 30-32, 265, 304-309, 328-333, 369-371, 427, 450, 451;

  sends Lord Macartney to China, 32;

  insists on dismissal of Thurlow, 34;

  rumour of his impending fall, 35;

  negotiates for union with the Old Whigs, 35-39, 270;

  made Warden of the Cinque Ports, 39, 89;

  interview with Canning, 39-41;

  his reception of Talleyrand, 43;

  discussion of his policy, 46-48;

  assertion of neutrality, 48, 50, 52, 61, 98;

  cautious Polish policy, 55;

  ignorant of events in France, 58;

  life at Holwood and Walmer, 68;

  foresees no danger, 69;

  his concern at the November decrees, 72-74, 76;

  his assurances to Holland, 74, 114;

  considers war unavoidable, 76, 77;

  interviews with Maret, 79-80, 84;

  support of his policy not unanimous, 89, 90;

  his firm attitude, 91;

  Godoy's story of, 92, 93;

  Lebrun's charges against, 95, 113, 117;

  stiff reply to Chauvelin, 98, 99;

  declaration of policy, 100;

  his anger with Miles, 106;

  difficulties of neutrality, 112-113;

  faults of his policy, 114-116;

  harsh treatment of Radical Clubs, 114-115;

  his view of the war, 118-120, 219, 220;

  his war policy (1793), 123, 129, 131, 132, 137, 139, 144, 145, 147;

  his care for the navy, 124, 266;

  ignorant of military affairs, 128;

  his optimism, 131, 144, 151, 152;

  demands removal of Coburg, 142;

  Mediterranean policy, 143, 258;

  his intentions at Toulon, 152, 154-156;

  effect of Toulon on his policy, 162, 163;

  his Traitorous Correspondence Bill, 164, 165;

  altered attitude to Reform, 164, 171, 180;

  policy of repression, 171, 183, 184, 190-194, 333;

  speech on the Scottish prosecutions, 179, 180;

  suspends the Habeas Corpus Act, 191;

  mistaken as to affairs in France, 196, 197;

  deprecates peace, 198;

  war policy in 1794, 202, 204-217;

  dilatoriness in ratifying Prussian Alliance, 208, 210, 269;

  remonstrance to Prussian Ambassador, 212, 270;

  insists on recall of the Duke of York, 215;

  policy in the West Indies, 220 _et seq._;

  negotiations with Spain, 233;

  makes treaty with Russia and Austria, 235;

  speech on abolition of slavery, 238;

  inclines towards peace, 242, 243, 257, 276, 287;

  tries to avert war with Spain, 243, 244;

  policy at the Cape, 254, 255;

  attitude towards Corsica, 256-258;

  relations with the _émigrés_, 259, 287;

  the Quiberon expedition, 259-262;

  policy as War Minister, _see_ Chap. XII;

  changes in the Cabinet, 270-272;

  national defence policy, 278-281;

  agitation against him, 282-284, 288;

  caricatures of, 282, 301, 335 _n._, 337;

  his Sedition Bills, 285-287;

  action with regard to shortage of corn, 289, 290;

  institutes a Board of Agriculture, 293;

  treatment of the Enclosures question, 295-297;

  his Poor Bill (1797), 297, 298;

  his relations with Miss Eden, 300-303;

  his financial embarrassments, 302, 303, 473-477;

  issues a "Loyalty Loan," 305, 306;

  and the mutinies in the fleet, 312-320;

  compared with Chatham, 320;

  further efforts for peace, 321-326;

  hostility to his new taxes (1797), 329, 330;

  the "Patriotic Contribution," 330, 331;

  his Land Tax proposals, 331-333;

  his duel with Tierney, 334-336;

  verses in the "Anti-Jacobin," 337;

  Irish policy, _see_ Chaps. XVI, XVIII, XIX, 566;

  sends a squadron to the Mediterranean, 366, 367;

  his Income Tax, 370, 427;

  his aims in Europe (1798), 371;

  his policy towards Switzerland, 375;

  the expedition to Holland, 379-383;

  rejects Bonaparte's offers of peace, 383-385, 473;

  on commercial union with Ireland, 389, 390;

  his first reference to the Union, 393;

  preparations for the Union, 396-410;

  speeches on the Act of Union, 413-415, 426, 427;

  his use of bribery in Ireland, 424, 429;

  his proposal for Catholic Emancipation, 431;

  opposition of the King, 433-439;

  breaks down in health, 435;

  his resignation, 439-446, 450;

  his promises to the Catholics, 441, 442, 446;

  gives a pledge to the King during his illness, 448, 449, 518;

  breach with Auckland, 452;

  personal characteristics, 454-459, 491;

  his neglect of literature and art, 456;

  his scholarship, 458;

  his friendship with Wellesley and Canning, 459-466;

  his creations of peers, 466-468;

  supports Addington and the peace proposals (1801), 468-472, 478;

  vote of thanks to him carried, 472;

  at Walmer, 471, 473, 474, 477;

  his interest in farming and gardening, 473, 474, 479, 491;

  his private expenses, 474;

  subscription for, 476, 477;

  relations with Addington, 473, 477, 478, 480-482, 503, 504;

  at Bath, 479;

  negotiations with Dundas, 483, 484;

  his terms for return to office, 485;

  speech on the war with France (1803), 487, 488;

  death of his mother, 488;

  organizes the East Kent Volunteers, 489-494, 511, 512;

  Lady Hester Stanhope at Walmer, 490-493;

  refuses to join Grenville, 495, 496;

  agrees to accept office, 497;

  attack on Addington, 499;

  forms a ministry, 500-502;

  and the Slave Trade, 502, 503;

  difficulties of his position, 503, 504;

  declines Livingston's peace proposals, 505, 506;

  remonstrates with the Princess of Wales, 508;

  his measures for strengthening the army, 509, 511;

  constructs the Hythe Military Canal, 512;

  seizes Spanish treasure-ships, 514;

  on the restoration of the French monarchy, 515;

  rejects Napoleon's overtures, 516, 566;

  forms a junction with Addington, 517;

  opposes Fox's motion for Catholic Emancipation, 518, 519;

  on the impeachment of Lord Melville, 519-521;

  his foreign policy (1805), 523-525;

  negotiations with Russia, 525-529;

  final parting with Addington, 530;

  fails to form a national administration, 530;

  multiplicity of his cares, 530, 531;

  interview with Nelson, 533;

  receives the news of Ulm, 537, 538;

  his speech at the Lord Mayor's banquet (1805), 538;

  his magnanimous offers to Prussia, 538, 539;

  his foresight in South Africa, 539;

  rejects Prussia's demand for Hanover, 541, 542;

  correspondence with Harrowby, 541-547;

  goes back to Bath, 547;

  story of his reception of the news of Austerlitz, 548, 549;

  returns home, 553, 554;

  last days and death, 554-558;

  opposition to his burial in the Abbey, 559;

  summary of his career and character, 560-570.

 

Place, Francis, 283, 284, 286, 349, 350.

 

Pléville, Admiral, 323.

 

Plunket, William C. (afterwards Baron), 399, 404, 411.

 

Plymouth, fortification of, 124.

 

Pocket Boroughs, in Ireland, disfranchised, 428.

 

Poland, new Constitution in, 7, 52;

  Russian designs on, 9, 46, 52;

  scheme of partition of, 53, 129;

  Russian invasion of, 53-56;

  Prussian invasion of, 122;

  rising in, 206;

  third Partition of, 218.

 

Polastron, Mme., 263.

 

Pondicherry, 198.

 

Ponsonby, George, 521, 559.

 

Ponsonby, George, and William (afterwards Baron), Fitzwilliam's overtures

    to, 339-342;

  402.

 

Poor Bill, Pitt's (1797), withdrawn, 298, 568.

 

Portland, Duke of, proposed coalitions with Pitt, 35-38, 191, 208, 270;

  Canning and, 39;

  refuses to break with Fox, 89, 90;

  Home Secretary, 191, 244-247, 257, 258, 271, 285, 316, 322, 339, 341,

    342, 359, 398, 404, 407, 421, 440, 446, 483;

  censures Abercromby, 353, 354;

  his letters to Shelburne on the Irish settlement of 1782, 422;

  Lord President, 501.

 

Porto Rico, failure of attack on, 246.

 

Portsmouth, fortification of, 124.

 

Portugal, Spanish designs on, 233, 234, 244;

  loan to, 309;

  defended by England, 386, 387, 468, 469;

  pays an annual subsidy to France, 513.

 

Potsdam, Treaty of (1805), 539, 540.

 

Press-gang, the, 166.

 

Pretyman, Dr. _See_ Tomline, Bishop.

 

Price, Dr., his sermon in the Old Jewry, 12 _n._;

  his death, 17.

 

Priestley, Dr., 10, 12, 16 _n._;

  his sermon on the death of Dr. Price, 17;

  his chapel and house wrecked, 18.

 

Pringle, Admiral, his opinion of Cape Town, 254.

 

Prosperous, affair at, 357, 358.

 

Protestants, the, in Ireland, 394, 396, 397, 400, 430;

  their hostility to the Union, 408, 417, 423.

 

Provence, Comte de (afterwards Louis XVIII), 2, 129, 259;

  refused permission to go to Toulon, 155;

  at the Russian headquarters, 377.

 

Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5;

  renounces alliance with Turkey, 5 _n._;

  declares war against France, 52;

  her betrayal of Poland, 52, 53, 129;

  invades Poland, 122, 123;

  compact with England (1793), 123;

  her disputes with Austria, 200-202;

  state of her finances, 201;

  English proposals to, 202, 203;

  treaty with England (1794), 207, 269;

  her breach of faith, 212;

  treaty with France (1795), 217, 218, 233;

  attitude of, in 1799, 374, 380;

  her conduct with regard to Hanover, 535-537, 540,