William Pitt and the Great War by John Holland Rose (book club reads txt) 📕

expedition to, 255, 277 _n._, 278, 327, 328, 368, 377;

  English expedition to, 387, 388;

  surrender of French garrisons in, 468;

  to be restored to the Sultan, 468.

 

Ehrenthal, Swedish envoy at Madrid, 242.

 

El Arish, Convention of, 387.

 

Elba, evacuation of, 258, 275.

 

Eldon, Lord (Sir John Scott), 34, 35, 499, 501, 506, 514.

 

Eliot, Edward J., his death, 325.

 

Elliot, Sir Gilbert. _See_ Minto, Earl of.

 

Elliot, William, Irish Under-Secretary at War, 400.

 

Elphinstone, Rear-Admiral Sir Keith, his expedition to the Cape, 251,

    252, 254.

 

Ely, Lord, 393, 402.

 

Emmett, Addis, 394.

 

Enclosures, 166, 288, 291-298.

 

Enghien, Duc d', execution of, 516.

 

England, discontent in (1793), 165-167;

  (1795), _see_ Chap. XIII;

  (1798), 333;

  fears of invasion, 277;

  national defence, 278-281;

  shortage of corn, 288-291;

  state of agriculture, 291;

  policy of enclosures, 291-298;

  financial crisis (1797), 304, 308, 309;

  increasing prosperity, 330;

  public opinion in (1798), 338.

 

"English Chronicle," the, 66, 67.

 

Enniskillen, Lord, 408.

 

Epsom, county meeting at, 188.

 

Erskine, Thomas, Baron, 23, 24, 89, 172, 176, 192, 488.

 

Euston, Lord, 412.

 

Evans, Thomas, Secretary of the London Corresponding Society, 349, 350;

  arrested, 350.

 

 

Famars, evacuated by the French, 133, 134.

 

Farquhar, Sir Walter, 548, 553, 554, 557.

 

Federalism, advocated by Fox, 413.

 

Fellows, Henry, 318.

 

Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, 199, 231, 365, 366.

 

Ferrol, expedition to (1800), 386.

 

Fersen, Count, 4, 49.

 

Fingall, Lord, 393, 442, 449, 518, 519.

 

Finisterre, Cape, battle off, 532, 536.

 

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 23, 345, 346;

  his capture and death, 354, 355.

 

Fitzgerald, Pamela, 79, 345.

 

Fitzgibbon, Baron. _See_ Clare, Earl of.

 

Fitzharris, Lord, 520.

 

Fitzwilliam, Earl, Viceroy of Ireland, 213, 339-342, 392, 432, 433,

    452, 500.

 

Fleurus, battle of, 209, 210, 267, 270.

 

Flood, Henry, M.P., his motion for Reform, 11, 12.

 

Floridablanca, Count, his fall, 46.

 

Forbes, Major-General, Commander-in-Chief in Hayti, 240, 245.

 

Ford, Captain, 513.

 

Fortiquerri, Marshal, 150 _n._

 

Foster, John (afterwards Baron Oriel), Irish Speaker, 393, 398;

  interview with Pitt, 400, 401;

  his opposition to the Union, 414, 418-420.

 

Foster, son of the Speaker, 412.

 

Fouché, Joseph, Duke of Otranto, 528, 529.

 

Fox, Charles James, gains ground with Nonconformists, 11, 12;

  on the Army Estimates (1792), 30;

  his Libel Bill, 33;

  opposes proclamations against seditious writings, 36;

  suggested coalition with Pitt, 36, 37;

  unpatriotic speeches, 87-89, 91, 278, 333;

  intimate with the French embassy, 89;

  opposes the Aliens Bill, 94;

  disapproves of the Radical Clubs, 168;

  opposes erection of barracks, 169;

  on the Scottish prosecutions, 179;

  in favour of peace, 198, 276, 277;

  on slaves in Jamaica, 238;

  on the massacre of royalists at Quiberon, 262;

  on the Treasonable Practices Bill, 285, 286;

  on the Bank crisis (1797), 308, 309;

  and the mutinies in the fleet, 312, 313, 316;

  his "secession," 316, 330;

  on the Finance Bills of 1797-8, 330, 370;

  his name removed from the Privy Council, 333;

  and Arthur O'Connor, 350;

  his views on the Union and Federalism, 413;

  on Pitt's resignation, 445;

  intrigues with the Prince of Wales, 449, 497;

  on the peace proposals, 470;

  on the war (1803), 488;

  on the Volunteers, 494;

  alliance with Grenville, 496;

  attack on Addington, 499;

  the King objects to his inclusion in Pitt's ministry, 499, 500;

  supports abolition of the Slave Trade, 502;

  his motion of Catholic Emancipation, 518, 519;

  opposes Pitt's burial in the Abbey, 559;

  as an orator, compared with Pitt, 567;

  mentioned, 24, 156, 165, 188, 191, 283, 293, 506, 517, 518, 555, 557,

    562, 563.

 

France, the flight to Varennes, 1, 2, 4, 40;

  change of ministry, 45;

  declares war against Austria, 23, 46;

  first signs of friction with England, 50;

  the September massacres, 57, 59-62;

  addresses of English clubs to the Convention, 65, _et seq._;

  trial of the King decreed, 74, 85;

  conquest of Belgium, 66, 69, 75, 83;

  the November decrees, 71, 72, 75, 76, 114;

  annexes Savoy, 72;

  her designs on Holland, 73-76, 80, 82;

  negotiations with England, 84, 95-99, 103-107;

  decree of 15th December, 90, 91;

  annexes Belgium, 111, 121;

  declares war on England and Holland, 112;

  evacuates the Netherlands, 126;

  the Convention declares Pitt the enemy of the human race, 134;

  revolts in the South and in Brittany, 143, 144;

  destruction of her navy at Toulon, 160, 161;

  the miracle of revolutionary finance, 196;

  passion for unity in, 197;

  successes in Belgium, 208-212;

  conquest of Holland, 213-216;

  treaty of Basle, 217, 223;

  action in the West Indies, _see_ Chaps. IX and X;

  peace with Spain, 236, 237, 244, 257;

  alliance with Holland, 251, 274;

  supposed connection with the mutiny at the Nore, 316;

  negotiations at Lille, 323-325;

  _coup d'état_ of Fructidor 18, 1797, 324;

  the Directory rejects Pitt's overtures for peace, 324-327, 336, 338;

  intrigues with Irish rebels, 345-351, 391;

  preparations for the eastern expedition, 356, 357;

  makes offers of peace to Russia, 375;

  expeditions to Ireland, 362-364, 394-396;

  her supremacy in Europe, 365;

  destruction of her fleet at Aboukir, 367, 368;

  conquest of Naples, 372;

  Austria declares war on (1799), 374;

  her responsibility for the war, 374;

  defeats in Italy, 376;

  Peace of Amiens, 470;

  declares war on England (1803), 487;

  alliance with Spain, 513, 514.

 

Francis II, Emperor, his accession, 45;

  war with France, 46;

  his French policy, 120 _n._;

  dismisses Cobenzl, 129;

  his character, 189-199, 231, 560;

  takes command of the army in Flanders, 206;

  returns to Vienna, 209;

  appeals to England, 366;

  refuses to interfere in Naples, 372;

  declares war against France, 374;

  his timid conduct, 508, 515;

  his truce proposals after Austerlitz, 544, 545.

 

Francis, Sir Philip, 23, 238, 290.

 

Free Trade, demand for (in corn), 289;

  Pitt's ideal, 427, 428.

 

Frederick William II, of Prussia, alliance with Austria, 5, 43;

  signs the Declaration of Pilnitz, 5;

  encourages Francis II to war, 46;

  his conduct of the war, 121, 129, 142, 200-204, 207, 215;

  difficulties of his position, 201;

  affects indignation with Pitt, 213;

  makes treaty of Basle with France, 217;

  his character, 231.

 

Frederick William III, of Prussia, refuses to join the Allies, 373, 374;

  his policy, 515, 523, 528, 535-537;

  his character, 535, 560;

  signs the Treaty of Potsdam, 539;

  his demand for Hanover, 540, 541, 552;

  agrees to the Convention of Schönbrunn, 553;

  deserts the Allies, 553, 556.

 

French _émigrés_, 1-3, 6, 7, 155;

  Pitt and, 3, 6, 259, 287, 454;

  in England, 63, 64, 165;

  and the Quiberon expedition, 259-261;

  hated by George III, 261.

 

French, Sir Thomas, 518.

 

Frere, Hookham, 327;

  Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, 421;

  at Canning's wedding, 464, 465;

  Ambassador at Madrid, 514.

 

"Friends of the People," the, 23, 24, 40, 167, 168, 171.

 

Frost, John, 66, 70, 115, 172;

  his conviction, 172, 173.

 

 

Gales, of Sheffield, arrested, 186.

 

Game Laws, Bill for Reform of, 295.

 

Garat, Dominique Joseph, 111.

 

Garcia, Don, Spanish Governor of San Domingo, 228, 229, 235.

 

Gardiner, Colonel, British envoy at Warsaw, 54.

 

Gardner, Vice-Admiral Sir Allan, 311.

 

Garnier, moves that it shall be lawful to murder Pitt, 134.

 

General Convention of the People, proposal for, 186-189, 192, 193, 284.

 

Genlis, Mme. de, 79.

 

Genoa (the Ligurian Republic), 150 _n._, 386, 470;

  annexed by Napoleon, 528, 529.

 

George III, his replies to Leopold II and Gustavus III on intervention

    in France, 3, 4;

  dismisses Thurlow, 34;

  his attitude to proposed coalition of Pitt and the Old Whigs, 36-38;

  his reception of Talleyrand, 43;

  his hostility to France, 44, 51, 115;

  increasing loyalty to, 86;

  sympathy with Louis XVI, 91;

  orders Chauvelin to leave the country, 108, 109 _n._;

  his view of the war, 119;

  advocates the siege of Dunkirk, 127, 130;

  his influence in military affairs, 128, 205, 207, 208, 214, 215, 217;

  opposed to peace, 243, 276, 321-323;

  offered the crown of Corsica, 256;

  insists on keeping troops in Hanover, 261, 273, 274;

  his dislike of the _émigrés_, 261;

  outrage on, in the Mall, 277 _n._, 282, 283, 286;

  his patronage of agriculture, 291;

  on the peace negotiations, 324, 325;

  disapproves of Pitt's duel with Tierney, 336;

  Irish policy, 342, 358, 359, 394, 409;

  story of Dundas and, 388;

  his opposition to Catholic Emancipation, 433-439;

  accepts Pitt's resignation, 439, 444, 445;

  his madness, 447, 448, 497-499, 506, 507;

  extracts a pledge from Pitt, 448, 449;

  his neglect of literature and art, 456;

  objects to Fox's inclusion in the Ministry, 499, 500, 530;

  rejects Napoleon's peace overtures, 516;

  his character and relations with Pitt, 561-564.

 

Gerrald, Joseph, 177, 180, 181;

  his trial and transportation, 182, 183.

 

Gibbon, Edward, remark of George III to, 456.

 

Gibraltar, proposed cession to Spain, 277;

  demanded by Spain, 323, 565.

 

Gillray, James, 530.

 

Gisborne, Dr., 447.

 

Gladstone, W. E., his Home Rule Bill (1886), 415.

 

Glasgow, political agitation in, 173, 178.

 

Godoy, Manuel de (afterwards Duke of Alcudia and Prince of the Peace),

    Spanish Minister, 154, 157;

  his story concerning Pitt refuted, 92, 93;

  his relations with the Queen, 230;

  his character, 230, 231;

  Anti-British intrigues, 232, 235, 237, 242, 243, 275;

  makes peace with France, 233, 234, 236;

  protests against British action in Hayti, 234, 235;

  made Prince of the Peace, 237;

  declares war against England, 244;

  gives aid to France, 513, 514, 560.

 

Gordon, Duke of, 476.

 

Gordon, Duchess of, 300 _n._;

  Pitt and, 459.

 

Gower, Earl, Ambassador at Paris, 42, 45, 47, 58;

  recalled, 58.

 

Gower, Lord Granville Leveson-, 465;

  Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 526, 527, 529.

 

Graaf-Reinet, settlement of, 252, 254.

 

Graham, A., and D. Williams, their report on the mutiny at the

    Nore, 316-318.

 

Granard, Lord, 402.

 

Grattan, Henry, 339-341, 343, 344, 398, 408, 411.

 

Gravina, Rear-Admiral, 148, 150, 153.

 

Grégoire, Henri, 72, 83, 114.

 

Grenada, revolt in, 239;

  capture of, 241.

 

Grenville, Thomas, special envoy at Vienna, 199, 211;

  his mission to Berlin (1798), 373, 374;

  on the peace proposals (1801), 469;

  negotiates the Grenville-Fox alliance, 496.

 

Grenville, William Wyndham, Lord, Foreign Secretary, 3, 6-9, 37, 68,

    312, 421;

  opposes Flood's motion for Reform, 12;

  on the Birmingham riots, 19;

  his marriage, 37;

  his assurances to Talleyrand, 43-45;

  his policy regarding the Belgic Provinces, 47, 48;

  his treatment of Chauvelin, 50, 79, 98, 99, 104, 105, 115;

  assertion of neutrality, 51, 52, 61, 69, 98;

  policy towards Poland, 54;

  ignorant of events in France, 58;

  his concern at the November decrees, 72-74;

  regards war as unavoidable, 76, 77, 82;

  makes overtures to Austria, 84;

  his fears of Spanish weakness, 92;

  negotiations with France, 97-101, 103-108;

  his despatch to Whitworth on British aims, 99, 100;

  declines to treat with Maret, 109-112;

  his belief in neutrality, 113;

  forms the first coalition, 123;

  ignorant of military affairs, 128;

  his war policy, 129, 132, 142, 143, 150, 153 _n._, 154-156, 161, 196,

    202, 204-213, 256, 263, 266, 369, 371, 375, 377-380, 382-384;

  offers to resign, 213, 217, 323;

  West Indian policy, 224, 225, 228;

  negotiations with Spain, 233, 234, 243;

  opposed to negotiations for peace, 276, 322-326;

  introduces the Treasonable Practices Bill, 285;

  supports the Finance Bill (1797), 330;

  on Irish policy, 341, 342, 400, 403, 406;

  and the Catholic question, 432, 436, 437, 439 _n._, 449, 519;

  resigns, 440;

  on Pitt's resignation, 445, 446;

  his relations with Pitt, 454, 469, 479, 480, 510, 511;

  on Pitt's scholarship, 458;

  opposed to peace (1801), 469;

  his plans for overthrowing Addington, 495, 496;

  alliance with Fox, 496;

  refuses to join Pitt's new ministry, 500-502;

  opposes Pitt, 502-504, 510, 517, 55, 557, 559.

 

Grey, General Sir Charles (afterwards 1st Earl Grey), 225;

  letter from Pitt to, 381.

 

Grey, Charles (afterwards 2nd Earl Grey), 23, 188, 191, 276, 516, 519;

  motions for Reform, 24, 316;

  opposes proclamation against seditious writings, 25;

  supports Fox, 89;

  on the Scottish prosecutions, 179;

  opposes the Act of Union, 427, 428.

 

Griffith, Rev. John, of Manchester, 185.

 

Guadeloupe, planters appeal to England for protection, 221;

  captured and again recovered, 225, 237, 240, 249.

 

Guiana, abolition of Slave Trade in, 503.

 

Guipuzcoa, province of, 233, 235.

 

Gustavus III of Sweden, 2-4, 7;

  assassinated, 46.

 

Gustavus IV of Sweden, refuses aid against Holland, 380;

  makes a convention with England, 516;

  his hostility to Napoleon, 528.

 

 

Habeas Corpus Act, suspension of (1794), 191, 193, 285;

  (1798), 333, 351;

  in Ireland, 345.

 

Hague Convention (1794), 207.

 

Hailes, Daniel, British envoy at Warsaw, 53-55.

 

Hair-powder, disuse of, 290;

  tax on, 307.

 

Hameln, held by the French, 544.

 

Hamilton, Sir William, 150 _n._, 372.

 

Hamilton, Lady, 372.

 

Hammond, George, envoy to the United States, 291.

 

Hanover, British troops kept in, 261, 273, 274;

  coveted by Prussia, 535-537, 540, 541, 552;

  British expedition to, 542, 551, 555, 556.

 

Hanoverian troops, landed in England, 181, 188.

 

Hanriot, François, 59.

 

Hardenberg, Karl August, Prince von, 212;

  signs the Treaty of Basle, 217;

  Prussian Foreign Minister, 529, 536, 540, 545.

 

Hardwicke, Earl of, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 429, 501.

 

Hardy, Thomas, his "Corresponding Society," 21, 23,