Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein (i want to read a book .txt) π
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Ludwig Wittgenstein is considered by many to be one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. He was born in Vienna to an incredibly rich family, but he gave away his inheritance and spent his life alternating between academia and various other roles, including serving as an officer during World War I and a hospital porter during World War II. When in academia Wittgenstein was taught by Bertrand Russell, and he himself taught at Cambridge.
He began laying the groundwork for Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus while in the trenches, and published it after the end of the war. It has since come to be considered one of the most important works of 20th century philosophy. After publishing it, Wittgenstein concluded that it had solved all philosophical problemsβso he never published another book-length work in his lifetime.
The book itself is divided into a series of short, self-evident statements, followed by sub-statements elucidating on their parent statement, sub-sub-statements, and so on. These statements explore the nature of philosophy, our understanding of the world around us, and how language fits in to it all. These views later came to be known as βLogical Atomism.β
This translation, while credited to C. K. Ogden, is actually mostly the work of F. P. Ramsey, one of Ogdenβs students. Ramsey completed the translation when he was just 19 years of age. The translation was personally revised and approved by Wittgenstein himself, who, though he was Austrian, had spent much of his life in England.
Much of the Tractatusβ meaning is complex and difficult to unpack. It is still being interpreted and explored to this day.
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- Author: Ludwig Wittgenstein
Read book online Β«Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus by Ludwig Wittgenstein (i want to read a book .txt) πΒ». Author - Ludwig Wittgenstein
By Ludwig Wittgenstein.
Translated by C. K. Ogden.
Table of Contents Titlepage Imprint Introduction Dedication Epigraph Preface Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus 1 1.1 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.2 1.21 2 2.01 2.011 2.012 2.0121 2.0122 2.0123 2.01231 2.0124 2.013 2.0131 2.014 2.0141 2.02 2.0201 2.021 2.0211 2.0212 2.022 2.023 2.0231 2.0232 2.0233 2.02331 2.024 2.025 2.0251 2.026 2.027 2.0271 2.0272 2.03 2.031 2.032 2.033 2.034 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.061 2.062 2.063 2.1 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.131 2.14 2.141 2.15 2.151 2.1511 2.1512 2.15121 2.1513 2.1514 2.1515 2.16 2.161 2.17 2.171 2.172 2.173 2.174 2.18 2.181 2.182 2.19 2.2 2.201 2.202 2.203 2.21 2.22 2.221 2.222 2.223 2.224 2.225 3 3.001 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.031 3.032 3.0321 3.04 3.05 3.1 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.141 3.142 3.143 3.1431 3.1432 3.144 3.2 3.201 3.202 3.203 3.21 3.22 3.221 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.251 3.26 3.261 3.262 3.263 3.3 3.31 3.311 3.312 3.313 3.314 3.315 3.316 3.317 3.318 3.32 3.321 3.322 3.323 3.324 3.325 3.326 3.327 3.328 3.33 3.331 3.332 3.333 3.334 3.34 3.341 3.3411 3.342 3.3421 3.343 3.344 3.3441 3.3442 3.4 3.41 3.411 3.42 3.5 4 4.001 4.002 4.003 4.0031 4.01 4.011 4.012 4.013 4.014 4.0141 4.015 4.016 4.02 4.021 4.022 4.023 4.024 4.025 4.026 4.027 4.03 4.031 4.0311 4.0312 4.032 4.04 4.041 4.0411 4.0412 4.05 4.06 4.061 4.062 4.0621 4.063 4.064 4.0641 4.1 4.11 4.111 4.112 4.1121 4.1122 4.113 4.114 4.115 4.116 4.12 4.121 4.1211 4.1212 4.1213 4.122 4.1221 4.123 4.124 4.1241 4.125 4.1251 4.1252 4.126 4.127 4.1271 4.1272 4.12721 4.1273 4.1274 4.128 4.2 4.21 4.211 4.22 4.221 4.2211 4.23 4.24 4.241 4.242 4.243 4.25 4.26 4.27 4.28 4.3 4.31 4.4 4.41 4.411 4.42 4.43 4.431 4.44 4.441 4.442 4.45 4.46 4.461 4.4611 4.462 4.463 4.464 4.465 4.466 4.4661 4.5 4.51 4.52 4.53 5 5.01 5.02 5.1 5.101 5.11 5.12 5.121 5.122 5.123 5.124 5.1241 5.13 5.131 5.1311 5.132 5.133 5.134 5.135 5.136 5.1361 5.1362 5.1363 5.14 5.141 5.142 5.143 5.15 5.151 5.1511 5.152 5.153 5.154 5.155 5.156 5.2 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.231 5.232 5.233 5.234 5.2341 5.24 5.241 5.242 5.25 5.251 5.252 5.2521 5.2522 5.2523 5.253 5.254 5.3 5.31 5.32 5.4 5.41 5.42 5.43 5.44 5.441 5.442 5.45 5.451 5.452 5.453 5.454 5.4541 5.46 5.461 5.4611 5.47 5.471 5.4711 5.472 5.473 5.4731 5.4732 5.47321 5.4733 5.474 5.475 5.476 5.5 5.501 5.502 5.503 5.51 5.511 5.512 5.513 5.514 5.515 5.5151 5.52 5.521 5.522 5.523 5.524 5.525 5.526 5.5261 5.5262 5.53 5.5301 5.5302 5.5303 5.531 5.532 5.5321 5.533 5.534 5.535 5.5351 5.5352 5.54 5.541 5.542 5.5421 5.5422 5.5423 5.55 5.551 5.552 5.5521 5.553 5.554 5.5541 5.5542 5.555 5.556 5.5561 5.5562 5.5563 5.557 5.5571 5.6 5.61 5.62 5.621 5.63 5.631 5.632 5.633 5.6331 5.634 5.64 5.641 6 6.001 6.002 6.01 6.02 6.021 6.022 6.03 6.031 6.1 6.11 6.111 6.112 6.113 6.12 6.1201 6.1202 6.1203 6.121 6.122 6.1221 6.1222 6.1223 6.1224 6.123 6.1231 6.1232 6.1233 6.124 6.125 6.1251 6.126 6.1261 6.1262 6.1263 6.1264 6.1265 6.127 6.1271 6.13 6.2 6.21 6.211 6.22 6.23 6.231 6.232 6.2321 6.2322 6.2323 6.233 6.2331 6.234 6.2341 6.24 6.241 6.3 6.31 6.32 6.321 6.3211 6.33 6.34 6.341 6.342 6.343 6.3431 6.3432 6.35 6.36 6.361 6.3611 6.36111 6.362 6.363 6.3631 6.36311 6.37 6.371 6.372 6.373 6.374 6.375 6.3751 6.4 6.41 6.42 6.421 6.422 6.423 6.43 6.431 6.4311 6.4312 6.432 6.4321 6.44 6.45 6.5 6.51 6.52 6.521 6.522 6.53 6.54 7 Endnotes Colophon Uncopyright ImprintThis ebook is the product of many hours of hard work by volunteers for Standard Ebooks, and builds on the hard work of other literature lovers made possible by the public domain.
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IntroductionMr. Wittgensteinβs Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, whether or not it prove to give the ultimate truth on the matters with which it deals, certainly deserves, by its breadth and scope and profundity, to be considered an important event in the philosophical world. Starting from the principles of Symbolism and the relations which are necessary between words and things in any language, it applies the result of this inquiry to various departments of traditional philosophy, showing in each case how traditional philosophy and traditional solutions arise out of ignorance of the principles of Symbolism and out of misuse of language.
The logical structure of propositions and the nature of logical inference are first dealt with. Thence we pass successively to Theory of Knowledge, Principles of Physics, Ethics, and finally the Mystical (das Mystische).
In order to understand Mr. Wittgensteinβs book, it is necessary to realize what is the problem with which he is concerned. In the part of his theory which deals with Symbolism he is concerned with the conditions which would have to be fulfilled by a logically perfect language. There are various problems as regards language. First, there is the problem what actually occurs in our minds when we use language with the intention of meaning something by it; this problem belongs to psychology. Secondly, there is the problem as to what is the relation subsisting between thoughts, words, or sentences, and that which they refer to or mean; this problem belongs to epistemology. Thirdly, there is the problem of using sentences so as to convey truth rather that falsehood; this belongs to the special sciences dealing with the subject-matter of the sentences in question. Fourthly, there is the question: what
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