Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children From Nature-Deficit Disorder by Louv, Richard (the two towers ebook .txt) 📕

116   parks increasingly favor. . . “commercialization of play” J. Evans, “Where Have All the Players Gone?” International Play Journal 3, no. 1 (1995): 3–19.

117   the amount of time children spent in organized sports increased by 27 percent The U.S. Youth Soccer Association, Richardson, Texas, http://www.usyouthsoccer.org.

118   “I don’t really have much time to play at all” Richard Louv, Childhood’s Future (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990), 109.

119   So where has all the time gone Sandra L. Hofferth and John F. Sandberg, “Changes in American Children’s Time, 1981–1997,” in Children at the Millennium: Where Have We Come From, Where Are We Going?, ed. Timothy J. Owens and Sandra L. Hofferth (New York: JAI Press, 2001). Sandra L. Hofferth and Sally Curtin, “Changes in Children’s Time, 1997 to 2002/3: An Update” (2006).

119   the amount of time American children . . . spent studying increased by 20 percent David Brooks, “The Organization Kid,” Atlantic Monthly, April 2001, 40.

119   Television remains Victoria Rideout and Elizabeth Hammel, The Media Family: Electronic Media in the Lives of Infants, Toddlers, Preschoolers, and Their Parents (Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006). Donald F. Roberts, Ulla G. Foehr, Victoria Rideout, Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8–18 Year-Olds (Menlo Park, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 2005).

119   as Internet use grows, adults spend more time working Norman Nie and Lutz Erbring, “Stanford Online Report,” Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society, February 16, 2000.

119   They also take fewer vacation days Linda Dong, Gladys Block, and Shelly Mandel, “Activities Contributing to Total Energy Expenditure in the United States: Results from the NHAPS Study,” International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 1, no. 4 (2004).

120   both parents cut back on sleep Nancy Zukewich, “Work, Parenthood and the Experience of Time Scarcity,” Statistics Canada—Housing, Family and Social Statistics Division, no. 1, 1998.

120   Our seeming inability Kenneth R. Ginsburg, and the Committee on Communications and the Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health, “The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development and Maintaining Strong Parent-Child Bonds,” Pediatrics 119 (2007):182–191.

10. The Bogeyman Syndrome Redux

123   The boundaries of children’s lives John Fetto, “Separation Anxiety,” American Demographics 24, no. 11 (December 1, 2002).

123   The trend is documented abroad L. Karsten, “It All Used to Be Better? Different Generations on Continuity and Change in Urban Children’s Daily Use of Space,” Children’s Geographies 3, no. 3 (2005): 275–290.

124   in Great Britain, researchers have Mayer Hillman and John G. U. Adams, “Children’s Freedom and Safety,” Children’s Environments 9, no. 2 (1992). Also see: Mayer Hillman, John Adams, and J. Whitelegg, One False Move: A Study of Children’s Independent Mobility (London: Policy Studies Institute, 1990).

124   In terms of child development Stephen R. Kellert, Building for Life (Washington, DC: Island Press, 2005), 69.

125   “When I was a little kid” Three quotes: Richard Louv, Childhood’s Future (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990), 26.

127   By 2005, the rates of violent crimes Kenneth C. Land, “2007 Report: Child and Youth Well-Being Index (CWI), 1975–2005, with Projections for 2006” (Durham, NC: Foundation for Child Development, Duke University, 2007).

127   In 2006, New York state’s Division New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, “Missing and Exploited Children Clearinghouse Annual Report 2006” (Albany, NY: New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services, 2006), 5.

131   Worried about lions, tigers, and bears Sandra G. Davis, Amy M. Corbitt, Virginia M. Everton, Catherine A. Grano, Pamela A. Kiefner, Angela S. Wilson, and Mark Gray, “Are Ball Pits the Playground for Potentially Harmful Bacteria?” Pediatric Nursing 25, no. 2 (March 1, 1999): 151.

132   the word “accident” Ronald Davis and Barry Pless, “BMJ Bans ‘Accidents’: Accidents Are Not Unpredictable,” British Medical Journal 322 (2001): 1320–1321.

11. Don’t Know Much About Natural History

134   “Just as ethnobotanists are descending on tropical forests” David Sobel, Beyond Ecophobia: Reclaiming the Heart in Nature Education, Orion Society Nature Literacy Series, vol. 1 (Great Barrington, MA: Orion Society, 1996).

137   In 2001, the Alliance for Childhood Colleen Cordes and Edward Miller, eds., “Fools Gold: A Critical Look at Children and Computers” (a Web-published report by Alliance for Childhood, 2001). For more information, see http://www.allianceforchildhood.net/projects/

computers/computers_reports_fools_gold

_download.htm.

138   public school districts continue to shortchange the arts William Symond, “Wired Schools,” BusinessWeek, September 25, 2000.

139   “Ten Years of before-and-after photos” Richard Louv, The Web of Life: Weaving the Values That Sustain Us (Berkeley, CA: Conari Press, 1996), 137.

143   “The last century has seen enormous environmental degradation” Paul K. Drayton, “The Importance of the Natural Sciences to Conservation,” an American Society of Naturalists Symposium Paper, The American Naturalist (June 27, 2003): 1–13.

12. Where Will Future Stewards of Nature Come From?

147   “Environmentalists, by and large, are deeply invested” Theodore Roszak, as interviewed in Adbusters. Roszak is the author of The Voice of the Earth: An Exploration of Ecopsychology (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).

148   The most important reason Oliver R. W. Pergams and Patricia A. Zaradic, “Is Love of Nature in the US Becoming Love of Electronic Media?” Journal of Environmental Management 80, no. 4 (September 2006): 387–393.

149   The idea of working at a national park Christopher Reynolds, “Without Foreign Workers, U.S. Parks Struggle,” Los Angeles Times, May 27, 2007, 1.

150   In 1978, Thomas Tanner Thomas Tanner, ed., Special issue on significant life experiences research, Environmental Education Research 4, no. 4 (November 1998). Also see: Thomas Tanner, ed., Special section on significant life experiences research, Environmental Education Research 5, no. 4 (November 1999).

150   Since then, studies Nancy M. Wells and Kristi S. Lekies, “Nature and the Life Course: Pathways from Childhood Nature Experiences to Adult Environmentalism,” Children, Youth and Environments 16, no. 1 (2006): 1–24.

151   Children do need mentors Louise Chawla, “Learning to Love the Natural World Enough to Protect It,” Barn, no. 2 (2006): 57–78. Barn is a quarterly published by the Norwegian Centre for Child Research at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

151   “Most children have a bug period” E. O. Wilson, Naturalist (New York: Warner Books, 1994), 56.

152   “the bookish ‘Teedie’” Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Putnam, 1979), 19.

152   Wallace Stegner filled his childhood with collected critters Wallace Stegner, “Personality, Play, and a Sense of Place,” Amicus Journal (renamed