Shirley by Charlotte BrontĂ« (best books to read for teens .TXT) đ
Description
Shirley, published in 1849, was Charlotte BrontĂ«âs second novel after Jane Eyre. Published under her pseudonym of âCurrer Bell,â it differs in several respects from that earlier work. It is written in the third person with an omniscient narrator, rather than the first-person of Jane Eyre, and incorporates the themes of industrial change and the plight of unemployed workers. It also features strong pleas for the recognition of womenâs intellect and right to their independence of thought and action.
Set in the West Riding of Yorkshire during the Napoleonic period of the early 19th Century, the novel describes the confrontations between textile manufacturers and organized groups of workers protesting the introduction of mechanical looms. Three characters stand out: Robert Moore, a mill-owner determined to introduce modern methods despite sometimes violent opposition; his young cousin Caroline Helstone, who falls deeply in love with Robert; and Shirley Keeldar, a rich heiress who comes to live in the estate of Fieldhead, on whose land Robertâs mill stands. Robertâs business is in trouble, not so much because of the protests of the workers but because of a government decree which prevents him selling his finished cloth overseas during the duration of the war with Napoleon. He receives a loan from Miss Keeldar, and her interest in him seems to be becoming a romantic one, much to the distress of Caroline, who pines away for lack of any sign of affection from Robert.
Shirley Keeldar is a remarkable female character for the time: strong, very independent-minded, dismissive of much of the standard rules of society, and determined to decide on her own future. Interestingly, up to this point, the name âShirleyâ was almost entirely a male name; Shirleyâs parents had hoped for a boy. Such was the success of BrontĂ«âs novel, however, that it became increasingly popular as a female name and is now almost exclusively so.
Although never as popular or successful as the more classically romantic Jane Eyre, Shirley is nevertheless now highly regarded by critics.
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- Author: Charlotte Brontë
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âHow untrue? You are fond of Miss Keeldar, are you not, my dear?â
âVery fond of Shirley. I both like and admire her. But I am painfully circumstanced. For a reason I cannot explain I want to go away from this place, and to forget it.â
âYou told me before you wished to be a governess; but, my dear, if you remember, I did not encourage the idea. I have been a governess myself a great part of my life. In Miss Keeldarâs acquaintance I esteem myself most fortunate. Her talents and her really sweet disposition have rendered my office easy to me; but when I was young, before I married, my trials were severe, poignant. I should not like aâ âI should not like you to endure similar ones. It was my lot to enter a family of considerable pretensions to good birth and mental superiority, and the members of which also believed that âon them was perceptibleâ an unusual endowment of the âChristian graces;â that all their hearts were regenerate, and their spirits in a peculiar state of discipline. I was early given to understand that âas I was not their equal,â so I could not expect âto have their sympathy.â It was in no sort concealed from me that I was held a âburden and a restraint in society.â The gentlemen, I found, regarded me as a âtabooed woman,â to whom âthey were interdicted from granting the usual privileges of the sex,â and yet âwho annoyed them by frequently crossing their path.â The ladies too made it plain that they thought me âa bore.â The servants, it was signified, âdetested me;â why, I could never clearly comprehend. My pupils, I was told, âhowever much they might love me, and how deep soever the interest I might take in them, could not be my friends.â It was intimated that I must âlive alone, and never transgress the invisible but rigid line which established the difference between me and my employers.â My life in this house was sedentary, solitary, constrained, joyless, toilsome. The dreadful crushing of the animal spirits, the ever-prevailing sense of friendlessness and homelessness consequent on this state of things began ere long to produce mortal effects on my constitution. I sickened. The lady of the house told me coolly I was the victim of âwounded vanity.â She hinted that if I did not make an effort to quell my âungodly discontent,â to cease âmurmuring against Godâs appointment,â and to cultivate the profound humility befitting my station, my mind would very likely âgo to piecesâ on the rock that wrecked most of my sisterhoodâ âmorbid self-esteemâ âand that I should die an inmate of a lunatic asylum.
âI said nothing to Mrs. Hardmanâ âit would have been useless; but to her eldest daughter I one day dropped a few observations, which were answered thus. There were hardships, she allowed, in the position of a governess. âDoubtless they had their trials; but,â she averred, with a manner it makes me smile now to recallâ ââbut it must be so. Sheâ (Miss H.) âhad neither view, hope, nor wish to see these things remedied; for in the inherent constitution of English habits, feelings, and prejudices there was no possibility that they should be. Governesses,â she observed, âmust ever be kept in a sort of isolation. It is the only means of maintaining that distance which the reserve of English manners and the decorum of English families exact.â
âI remember I sighed as Miss Hardman quitted my bedside. She caught the sound, and turning, said severely, âI fear, Miss Grey, you have inherited in fullest measure the worst sin of our fallen natureâ âthe sin of pride. You are proud, and therefore you are ungrateful too. Mamma pays you a handsome salary, and if you had average sense you would thankfully put up with much that is fatiguing to do and irksome to bear, since it is so well made worth your while.â
âMiss Hardman, my love, was a very strong-minded young lady, of most distinguished talents. The aristocracy are decidedly a very superior class, you know, both physically, and morally, and mentally; as a high Tory I acknowledge that. I could not describe the dignity of her voice and mien as she addressed me thus; still, I fear she was selfish, my dear. I would never wish to speak ill of my superiors in rank, but I think she was a little selfish.â
âI remember,â continued Mrs. Pryor, after a pause, âanother of Miss H.âs observations, which she would utter with quite a grand air. âWe,â she would sayâ ââwe need the imprudences, extravagances, mistakes, and crimes of a certain number of fathers to sow the seed from which we reap the harvest of governesses. The daughters of tradespeople, however well educated, must necessarily be underbred, and as such unfit to be inmates of our dwellings, or guardians of our childrenâs minds and persons. We shall ever prefer to place those about our offspring who have been born and bred with somewhat of the same refinement as ourselves.âââ
âMiss Hardman must have thought herself something better than her fellow-creatures, maâam, since she held that their calamities, and even crimes, were necessary to minister to her convenience. You say she was religious. Her religion must have been that of the Pharisee who thanked God that he was not as other men are, nor even as that publican.â
âMy dear, we will not discuss the point. I should be the last person to wish to instil into your mind any feeling of dissatisfaction with your lot in life, or any sentiment of envy or insubordination towards your superiors. Implicit submission to authorities, scrupulous deference to our betters (under which term I, of course, include the higher classes of society), are, in my opinion, indispensable to the well-being of every community. All I mean to say, my dear, is that you had better not attempt to be a
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