The Country Wife was first performed in January 1672 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. It traces several plot lines, the principle of which follows notorious rake Harry Horner’s attempt to carry on affairs by spreading a rumor that he was now a eunuch and no longer a threat to any man’s wife. It was controversial for its sexual explicitness even in its own time, having several notorious scenes filled with extended sexual innuendo and women carousing, singing riotous songs, and behaving exactly like their male counterparts.
With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 the eighteen year ban on theater imposed by the Puritans was lifted. Charles II’s time in France had nurtured a fascination with the stage and, with his enthusiastic support, Restoration drama was soon once again a thriving part of the London culture—but it provided a completely different experience from Jacobean theater.
Christopher Wren’s newly built Theatre Royal provided a modern stage that accommodated innovations in scenic design and created a new relationship between actors and the audience. Another novelty, imported from France, was the presence of women on stage for the first time in British history. Restoration audiences were fascinated and often aghast to see real women perform, matching their male counterparts both in their wit and use of double entendre.
William Wycherley had spent some of the Commonwealth years in France and become interested in French drama. Borrowing extensively from Molière and others, he wrote several plays for this new theater, with his last two comedies, The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer, being the most famous. At the time, The Country Wife was considered the bawdiest and wittiest play yet seen on the English stage. It enjoyed popularity throughout the period but, as mores shifted and became more strict, the play was eventually considered too outrageous to be performed at all and between 1753 and 1924 was generally replaced on the stage by David Garrick’s cleaned-up, bland version.
reconciles the differences of the marriage bed; you know man and wife do not always agree; I design him for that use, therefore would have him well with my wife.
Pinchwife
A menial friend!—you will get a great many menial friends, by showing your wife as you do.
Sparkish
What then? It may be I have a pleasure in’t, as I have to show fine clothes at a playhouse, the first day, and count money before poor rogues.
Pinchwife
He that shows his wife or money, will be in danger of having them borrowed sometimes.
Sparkish
I love to be envied, and would not marry a wife that I alone could love; loving alone is as dull as eating alone. Is it not a frank age? and I am a frank person; and to tell you the truth, it may be, I love to have rivals in a wife, they make her seem to a man still but as a kept mistress; and so good night, for I must to Whitehall.—Madam, I hope you are now reconciled to my friend; and so I wish you a good night, madam, and sleep if you can: for tomorrow you know I must visit you early with a canonical gentleman. Good night, dear Harcourt.
Exit.
Harcourt
Madam, I hope you will not refuse my visit tomorrow, if it should be earlier with a canonical gentleman than Mr. Sparkish’s.
Pinchwife
This gentlewoman is yet under my care, therefore you must yet forbear your freedom with her, sir. Coming between Alithea and Harcourt.
Harcourt
Must, sir?
Pinchwife
Yes, sir, she is my sister.
Harcourt
’Tis well she is, sir—for I must be her servant, sir.—Madam—
Pinchwife
Come away, sister, we had been gone, if it had not been for you, and so avoided these lewd rake-hells, who seem to haunt us.
Re-enter Horner and Dorilant.
Horner
How now, Pinchwife!
Pinchwife
Your servant.
Horner
What! I see a little time in the country makes a man turn wild and unsociable, and only fit to converse with his horses, dogs, and his herds.
Pinchwife
I have business, sir, and must mind it; your business is pleasure, therefore you and I must go different ways.
Horner
Well, you may go on, but this pretty young gentleman—Takes hold of Mrs. Pinchwife.
Harcourt
The lady—
Dorilant
And the maid—
Horner
Shall stay with us; for I suppose their business is the same with ours, pleasure.
Pinchwife
’Sdeath, he knows her, she carries it so sillily! yet if he does not, I should be more silly to discover it first. Aside.
Alithea
Pray, let us go, sir.
Pinchwife
Come, come—
Horner
To Mrs. Pinchwife. Had you not rather stay with us?—Prithee, Pinchwife, who is this pretty young gentleman?
Pinchwife
One to whom I’m a guardian.—Aside. I wish I could keep her out of your hands.
Horner
Who is he? I never saw anything so pretty in all my life.
Pinchwife
Pshaw! do not look upon him so much, he’s a poor bashful youth, you’ll put him out of countenance.—Come away, brother. Offers to take her away.
Horner
O, your brother!
Pinchwife
Yes, my wife’s brother.—Come, come, she’ll stay supper for us.
Horner
I thought so, for he is very like her I saw you at the play with, whom I told you I was in love with.
Mrs. Pinchwife
Aside. O jeminy! is that he that was in love with me? I am glad on’t, I vow, for he’s a curious fine gentleman, and I love him already, too.—To Pinchwife. Is this he, bud?
Pinchwife
Come away, come away. To his Wife.
Horner
Why, what haste are you in? why won’t you let me talk with him?
Pinchwife
Because you’ll debauch him; he’s yet young and innocent, and I would not have him debauched for anything in the world.—Aside. How she gazes on him! the devil!
Horner
Harcourt, Dorilant, look you here, this is the likeness of that dowdy he told us of, his wife; did you ever see a lovelier creature? The rogue has reason to be jealous of his wife, since she is like him, for she would make all that see her in love with her.
Harcourt
And, as I remember now, she is as like him here as can be.
Dorilant
She is indeed very pretty, if she be like him.
Horner
Very pretty? a very pretty commendation!—she is a glorious creature, beautiful beyond all things I ever beheld.
Pinchwife
So, so.
Harcourt
More beautiful than a poet’s first mistress of imagination.
Horner
Or another man’s last mistress of flesh and blood.
Mrs. Pinchwife
Nay, now you jeer, sir; pray don’t jeer me.
Pinchwife
Come, come.—Aside. By Heavens, she’ll discover herself!
Horner
I speak of your sister, sir.
Pinchwife
Ay, but saying she was handsome, if like him, made him blush.—Aside. I am upon a rack!
Horner
Methinks he is so handsome he should not be a man.
Pinchwife
Aside. O, there ’tis out! he has discovered her! I am not able to suffer any longer.—To his Wife. Come, come away, I say.
Horner
Nay, by your leave, sir, he shall not go yet.—Aside to them. Harcourt, Dorilant, let us torment this jealous rogue a little.
Harcourt and Dorilant
How?
Horner
I’ll show you.
Pinchwife
Come, pray let him go, I cannot stay fooling any longer; I tell you his sister stays supper for us.
Horner
Does she? Come then, we’ll all go to sup with he and thee.
Pinchwife
No, now I think on’t, having stayed so long for us, I warrant she’s gone to bed.—Aside. I wish she and I were well out of their hands.—To his Wife. Come, I must rise early tomorrow, come.
Horner
Well then, if she be gone to bed, I wish her and you a good night. But pray, young gentleman, present my humble service to her.
Mrs. Pinchwife
Thank you heartily, sir.
Pinchwife
Aside. ’Sdeath, she will discover herself yet in spite of me—Aloud. He is something more civil to you, for your kindness to his sister, than I am, it seems.
Horner
Tell her, dear sweet little gentleman, for all your brother there, that you have revived the love I
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