Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction by Allen Guelzo (self help books to read TXT) 📕

70. Hammond, “Mud-Sill Speech,” in Slavery Defended: The Views of the Old South, ed. Eric L. McKitrick (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963), 122–23; Holcombe, “Is Slavery Consistent with Natural Law?” Southern Literary Messenger 27 (December 1858): 417; Hugh B. Hammett, Hilary Abner Herbert: A Southerner Returns to the Union (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1976), 37.

71. Robert S. Starobin, Industrial Slavery in the Old South (New York, 1970), 214–22; Eugene D. Genovese, The Political Economy of Slavery (New York: Pantheon, 1965), 222–23.

72. T. Stephen Whitman, “Industrial Slavery at the Margin: The Maryland Chemical Works,” Journal of Southern History 51 (February 1993): 31–62; “W. T. Smith et al., Marshall, to Texas Assembly, 1861,” January 17, 1861, in The Southern Debate over Slavery, vol. 1: Petitions to Southern Legislatures, 1776–1864, ed. Loren Schweninger (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001), 249.

73. Robert William Fogel, The Slavery Debates, 1952–1990: A Retrospective (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003), 63.

74. Leonidas W. Spratt, A Series of Articles on the Value of the Union to the South: Lately Published by the Charleston Standard (Charleston: James, Williams and Gitsinger, 1855), 22.

75. William Holcombe, “The Alternative: A Separate Nationality of the Africanization of the South,” Southern Literary Messenger (February 1861), 84; Simpson, A Good Southerner, 104; Leonard L. Richards, The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War (New York: Knopf, 2007), 37.

76. Bowman, At the Precipice, 250–51; C. Duncan Rice, The Rise and Fall of Black Slavery (New York: Macmillan, 1975), 210–11; Freehling, The Road to Disunion, 132–35; Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and Race in New England, 1780–1860 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 7.

77. Lincoln, “Remarks and Resolution Introduced in United States House of Representatives Concerning Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia,” January 10, 1849, in Collected Works, 2:20–22.

78. Wainwright, in Episcopal Watchman 2 (September 13, 1828): 204.

79. Edward Raymond Turner, Slavery in Pennsylvania (Baltimore: Lord Baltimore Press, 1911), 11–12, 67; Billy G. Smith, The “Lower Sort”: Philadelphia’s Laboring People, 1750–1800 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990), 18–19; Gary B. Nash, The Urban Crucible: Social Change, Political Consciousness, and the Origins of the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979), 108–10.

80. Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720–1840 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 65; David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 150–51; Cassandra Pybus, Epic Journeys of Freedom: Runaway Slaves of the American Revolution and Their Global Quest for Liberty (Boston: Beacon Press, 2006), 8–9.

81. William W. Story, Life and Letters of Joseph Story (Boston: Little, Brown, 1851), 1:340–41.

82. William Lincoln, ed., The Journals of Each Provincial Congress of Massachusetts in 1774 and 1775 (Boston: Dutton and Wentworth, 1838), 29; Arthur Zilversmit, The First Emancipation: The Abolition of Slavery in the North (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967), 190–91; Duncan J. McLeod, Slavery, Race, and the American Revolution (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974), 121–22; Benjamin Quarles, “The Revolutionary War as a Black Declaration of Independence,” in Slavery and Freedom: The Age of the American Revolution, ed. Ira Berlin and Ronald Hoffman (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1986), 283–301; Arthur Zilversmit, “Quok Walker, Mumbet, and the Abolition of Slavery in Massachusetts,” William and Mary Quarterly 25 (October 1968): 614–16.

83. Charles E. Hambrick-Stowe, Charles G. Finney and the Spirit of American Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996), 142–43; The Memoirs of Charles G. Finney: The Complete Restored Text, ed. Garth A. Rosell and R. A. G. Dupuis (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1989), 362, 366.

84. Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, 272; Willard Sterne Randall, Thomas Jefferson: A Life (New York: Henry Holt, 1993), 591.

85. Fox-Genovese and Genovese, Mind of the Master Class, 231; Benjamin Watkins Leigh, November 4, 1829, in Proceedings and Debates of the Virginia State Convention of 1829–30 (Richmond, VA: S. Shepherd, 1830), 173; Erik S. Root, All Honor to Jefferson? The Virginia Slavery Debates and the Positive Good Thesis (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2008), 90–91, 120.

86. Berrien, in R. Kent Newmyer, John Marshall and the Heroic Age of the Supreme Court (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001), 431–32.

87. Stephen B. Oates, The Fires of Jubilee: Nat Turner’s Fierce Rebellion (New York: Harper and Row, 1975), 105.

88. Lacy K. Ford, Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009), 363–84.

89. David Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles, ed. Charles M. Wiltse (New York: Hill and Wang, 1965), 70.

90. Garrison, “Introduction” and “The Great Crisis,” December 29, 1832, in Documents of Upheaval: Selections from William Lloyd Garrison’s The Liberator, 1831–1865, ed. Truman Nelson (New York: Hill and Wang, 1966), xiii–xiv, 57.

91. Russel B. Nye, William Lloyd Garrison and the Humanitarian Reformers (Boston: Little, Brown, 1955), 72; Henry Mayer, All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery (New York: St. Martin’s, 1998), 112–13, 313.

92. Harold D. Woodman, King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1990), 28–29.

93. Eric Foner, Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 64–76; John Ashworth, Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic, vol. 1: Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 160–68; Michael Sandel, Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 172–77.

94. Merton L. Dillon, Elijah P. Lovejoy, Abolitionist Editor (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 38–43; Paul Finkelman, “Slavery, the ‘More Perfect Union,’ and the Prairie State,” Illinois Historical Journal 80 (Winter 1987), 248–69.

95. Bertram Wyatt-Brown, Lewis Tappan and the Evangelical War Against Slavery (Cleveland, OH: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1969), 190.

96. Dorothy Sterling, Ahead of Her Time: Abby Kelley and the Politics of Antislavery (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 104–5; Keith Melder, “Abby Kelley and the Process of Liberation,” in The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women’s Political Culture in Antebellum America, ed. Jean Fagin