Major Barbara is a three-act play that premiered at the Court Theatre in 1905, and was subsequently published in 1907. It portrays idealist Barbara Undershaft, a Major in the Salvation Army, and her encounter with her long-estranged father who has made his fortune as a “dealer of death” in the munitions industry. Barbara doesn’t wish to be associated with her father’s ill-gotten wealth, but can’t prevent him from donating to the Salvation Army and eventually converting her family to his capitalist views on how best to help the poor.
In the preface, Shaw addresses his critics and explicates his actual attitudes towards the Salvation Army, versus the attitudes and fates portrayed by his characters and responded to by the critics. He continues on to discuss the issues of wealth and poverty, religion and science, and how they all fit into his views of society.
Major Barbara is one of the most controversial of Shaw’s work and was greeted with decidedly mixed reviews, yet it endures as one of his most famous plays.
or not. If you decide that they are, then, I take it, you simply don’t organize civilization; and there you are, with trouble and anxiety enough to make us all angels! But if you decide the other way, you may as well go through with it. However, Stephen, our characters are safe here. A sufficient dose of anxiety is always provided by the fact that we may be blown to smithereens at any moment.
Sarah
By the way, papa, where do you make the explosives?
Undershaft
In separate little sheds, like that one. When one of them blows up, it costs very little; and only the people quite close to it are killed.
Stephen, who is quite close to it, looks at it rather scaredly, and moves away quickly to the cannon. At the same moment the door of the shed is thrown abruptly open; and a foreman in overalls and list slippers comes out on the little landing and holds the door open for Lomax, who appears in the doorway.
Lomax
With studied coolness. My good fellow: you needn’t get into a state of nerves. Nothing’s going to happen to you; and I suppose it wouldn’t be the end of the world if anything did. A little bit of British pluck is what you want, old chap. He descends and strolls across to Sarah.
Undershaft
To the foreman. Anything wrong, Bilton?
Bilton
With ironic calm. Gentleman walked into the high explosives shed and lit a cigarette, sir: that’s all.
Undershaft
Ah, quite so. To Lomax. Do you happen to remember what you did with the match?
Lomax
Oh come! I’m not a fool. I took jolly good care to blow it out before I chucked it away.
Undershaft
The top of it was red hot inside, sir.
Lomax
Well, suppose it was! I didn’t chuck it into any of your messes.
Undershaft
Think no more of it, Mr. Lomax. By the way, would you mind lending me your matches?
Lomax
Offering his box. Certainly.
Undershaft
Thanks. He pockets the matches.
Lomax
Lecturing to the company generally. You know, these high explosives don’t go off like gunpowder, except when they’re in a gun. When they’re spread loose, you can put a match to them without the least risk: they just burn quietly like a bit of paper. Warming to the scientific interest of the subject. Did you know that Undershaft? Have you ever tried?
Undershaft
Not on a large scale, Mr. Lomax. Bilton will give you a sample of guncotton when you are leaving if you ask him. You can experiment with it at home. Bilton looks puzzled.
Sarah
Bilton will do nothing of the sort, papa. I suppose it’s your business to blow up the Russians and Japs; but you might really stop short of blowing up poor Cholly. Bilton gives it up and retires into the shed.
Lomax
My ownest, there is no danger. He sits beside her on the shell.Lady Britomart arrives from the town with a bouquet.
Lady Britomart
Coming impetuously between Undershaft and the deck chair. Andrew: you shouldn’t have let me see this place.
Undershaft
Why, my dear?
Lady Britomart
Never mind why: you shouldn’t have: that’s all. To think of all that Indicating the town. being yours! and that you have kept it to yourself all these years!
Undershaft
It does not belong to me. I belong to it. It is the Undershaft inheritance.
Lady Britomart
It is not. Your ridiculous cannons and that noisy banging foundry may be the Undershaft inheritance; but all that plate and linen, all that furniture and those houses and orchards and gardens belong to us. They belong to me: they are not a man’s business. I won’t give them up. You must be out of your senses to throw them all away; and if you persist in such folly, I will call in a doctor.
Undershaft
Stooping to smell the bouquet. Where did you get the flowers, my dear?
Lady Britomart
Your men presented them to me in your William Morris Labor Church.
Cusins
Springing up. Oh! It needed only that. A Labor Church!
Lady Britomart
Yes, with Morris’s words in mosaic letters ten feet high round the dome. No Man Is Good Enough To Be Another Man’s Master. The cynicism of it!
Undershaft
It shocked the men at first, I am afraid. But now they take no more notice of it than of the ten commandments in church.
Lady Britomart
Andrew: you are trying to put me off the subject of the inheritance by profane jokes. Well, you shan’t. I don’t ask it any longer for Stephen: he has inherited far too much of your perversity to be fit for it. But Barbara has rights as well as Stephen. Why should not Adolphus succeed to the inheritance? I could manage the town for him; and he can look after the cannons, if they are really necessary.
Undershaft
I should ask nothing better if Adolphus were a foundling. He is exactly the sort of new blood that is wanted in English business. But he’s not a foundling; and there’s an end of it.
Cusins
Diplomatically. Not quite. They all turn and stare at him. He comes from the platform past the shed to Undershaft. I think—Mind! I am not committing myself in any way as to my future course—but I think the foundling difficulty can be got over.
Undershaft
What do you mean?
Cusins
Well, I have something to say which is in the nature of a confession.
Sarah
Confession!
Lady Britomart
Barbara
Stephen
Lomax
Oh I say!
Cusins
Yes, a confession. Listen, all. Until I met Barbara I thought myself in the main an honorable, truthful man, because I wanted the approval of my conscience more than I wanted anything else. But the moment I saw Barbara, I wanted her far more than the approval of my conscience.
Lady Britomart
Adolphus!
Cusins
It is true. You accused me yourself, Lady Brit, of joining the Army to worship Barbara; and so I
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