Major Barbara is a three-act play that premiered at the Court Theatre in 1905, and was subsequently published in 1907. It portrays idealist Barbara Undershaft, a Major in the Salvation Army, and her encounter with her long-estranged father who has made his fortune as a โdealer of deathโ in the munitions industry. Barbara doesnโt wish to be associated with her fatherโs ill-gotten wealth, but canโt prevent him from donating to the Salvation Army and eventually converting her family to his capitalist views on how best to help the poor.
In the preface, Shaw addresses his critics and explicates his actual attitudes towards the Salvation Army, versus the attitudes and fates portrayed by his characters and responded to by the critics. He continues on to discuss the issues of wealth and poverty, religion and science, and how they all fit into his views of society.
Major Barbara is one of the most controversial of Shawโs work and was greeted with decidedly mixed reviews, yet it endures as one of his most famous plays.
its masters; but the ballot paper that really governs is the paper that has a bullet wrapped up in it.
Cusins
That is perhaps why, like most intelligent people, I never vote.
Undershaft
Vote! Bah! When you vote, you only change the names of the cabinet. When you shoot, you pull down governments, inaugurate new epochs, abolish old orders and set up new. Is that historically true, Mr. Learned Man, or is it not?
Cusins
It is historically true. I loathe having to admit it. I repudiate your sentiments. I abhor your nature. I defy you in every possible way. Still, it is true. But it ought not to be true.
Undershaft
Ought, ought, ought, ought, ought! Are you going to spend your life saying ought, like the rest of our moralists? Turn your oughts into shalls, man. Come and make explosives with me. Whatever can blow men up can blow society up. The history of the world is the history of those who had courage enough to embrace this truth. Have you the courage to embrace it, Barbara?
Lady Britomart
Barbara, I positively forbid you to listen to your fatherโs abominable wickedness. And you, Adolphus, ought to know better than to go about saying that wrong things are true. What does it matter whether they are true if they are wrong?
Undershaft
What does it matter whether they are wrong if they are true?
Lady Britomart
Rising. Children: come home instantly. Andrew: I am exceedingly sorry I allowed you to call on us. You are wickeder than ever. Come at once.
Barbara
Shaking her head. Itโs no use running away from wicked people, mamma.
Lady Britomart
It is every use. It shows your disapprobation of them.
Barbara
It does not save them.
Lady Britomart
I can see that you are going to disobey me. Sarah: are you coming home or are you not?
Sarah
I daresay itโs very wicked of papa to make cannons; but I donโt think I shall cut him on that account.
Lomax
Pouring oil on the troubled waters. The fact is, you know, there is a certain amount of tosh about this notion of wickedness. It doesnโt work. You must look at facts. Not that I would say a word in favor of anything wrong; but then, you see, all sorts of chaps are always doing all sorts of things; and we have to fit them in somehow, donโt you know. What I mean is that you canโt go cutting everybody; and thatโs about what it comes to. Their rapt attention to his eloquence makes him nervous. Perhaps I donโt make myself clear.
Lady Britomart
You are lucidity itself, Charles. Because Andrew is successful and has plenty of money to give to Sarah, you will flatter him and encourage him in his wickedness.
Lomax
Unruffled. Well, where the carcass is, there will the eagles be gathered, donโt you know. To Undershaft. Eh? What?
Undershaft
Precisely. By the way, may I call you Charles?
Lomax
Delighted. Cholly is the usual ticket.
Undershaft
To Lady Britomart. Biddyโ โ
Lady Britomart
Violently. Donโt dare call me Biddy. Charles Lomax: you are a fool. Adolphus Cusins: you are a Jesuit. Stephen: you are a prig. Barbara: you are a lunatic. Andrew: you are a vulgar tradesman. Now you all know my opinion; and my conscience is clear, at all events She sits down again with a vehemence that almost wrecks the chair.
Undershaft
My dear, you are the incarnation of morality. She snorts. Your conscience is clear and your duty done when you have called everybody names. Come, Euripides! it is getting late; and we all want to get home. Make up your mind.
Cusins
Understand this, you old demonโ โ
Lady Britomart
Adolphus!
Undershaft
Let him alone, Biddy. Proceed, Euripides.
Cusins
You have me in a horrible dilemma. I want Barbara.
Undershaft
Like all young men, you greatly exaggerate the difference between one young woman and another.
Barbara
Quite true, Dolly.
Cusins
I also want to avoid being a rascal.
Undershaft
With biting contempt. You lust for personal righteousness, for self-approval, for what you call a good conscience, for what Barbara calls salvation, for what I call patronizing people who are not so lucky as yourself.
Cusins
I do not: all the poet in me recoils from being a good man. But there are things in me that I must reckon with: pityโ โ
Undershaft
Pity! The scavenger of misery.
Cusins
Well, love.
Undershaft
I know. You love the needy and the outcast: you love the oppressed races, the negro, the Indian ryot, the Pole, the Irishman. Do you love the Japanese? Do you love the Germans? Do you love the English?
Cusins
No. Every true Englishman detests the English. We are the wickedest nation on earth; and our success is a moral horror.
Undershaft
That is what comes of your gospel of love, is it?
Cusins
May I not love even my father-in-law?
Undershaft
Who wants your love, man? By what right do you take the liberty of offering it to me? I will have your due heed and respect, or I will kill you. But your love! Damn your impertinence!
Cusins
Grinning. I may not be able to control my affections, Mac.
Undershaft
You are fencing, Euripides. You are weakening: your grip is slipping. Come! try your last weapon. Pity and love have broken in your hand: forgiveness is still left.
Cusins
No: forgiveness is a beggarโs refuge. I am with you there: we must pay our debts.
Undershaft
Well said. Come! you will suit me. Remember the words of Plato.
Cusins
Starting. Plato! You dare quote Plato to me!
Undershaft
Plato says, my friend, that society cannot be saved until either the Professors of Greek take to making gunpowder, or else the makers of gunpowder become Professors of Greek.
Cusins
Oh, tempter, cunning tempter!
Undershaft
Come! choose, man, choose.
Cusins
But perhaps Barbara will not marry me if I make the wrong choice.
Barbara
Perhaps not.
Cusins
Desperately perplexed. You hearโ โ
Barbara
Father: do you love nobody?
Undershaft
I love my best friend.
Lady Britomart
And who is that, pray?
Undershaft
My bravest enemy. That is the man who keeps me up to the
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