Major Barbara is a three-act play that premiered at the Court Theatre in 1905, and was subsequently published in 1907. It portrays idealist Barbara Undershaft, a Major in the Salvation Army, and her encounter with her long-estranged father who has made his fortune as a โdealer of deathโ in the munitions industry. Barbara doesnโt wish to be associated with her fatherโs ill-gotten wealth, but canโt prevent him from donating to the Salvation Army and eventually converting her family to his capitalist views on how best to help the poor.
In the preface, Shaw addresses his critics and explicates his actual attitudes towards the Salvation Army, versus the attitudes and fates portrayed by his characters and responded to by the critics. He continues on to discuss the issues of wealth and poverty, religion and science, and how they all fit into his views of society.
Major Barbara is one of the most controversial of Shawโs work and was greeted with decidedly mixed reviews, yet it endures as one of his most famous plays.
did. She bought my soul like a flower at a street corner; but she bought it for herself.
Undershaft
What! Not for Dionysos or another?
Cusins
Dionysos and all the others are in herself. I adored what was divine in her, and was therefore a true worshipper. But I was romantic about her too. I thought she was a woman of the people, and that a marriage with a professor of Greek would be far beyond the wildest social ambitions of her rank.
Lady Britomart
Adolphus!!
Lomax
Oh I say!!!
Cusins
When I learnt the horrible truthโ โ
Lady Britomart
What do you mean by the horrible truth, pray?
Cusins
That she was enormously rich; that her grandfather was an earl; that her father was the Prince of Darknessโ โ
Undershaft
Chut!
Cusins
โand that I was only an adventurer trying to catch a rich wife, then I stooped to deceive about my birth.
Lady Britomart
Your birth! Now Adolphus, donโt dare to make up a wicked story for the sake of these wretched cannons. Remember: I have seen photographs of your parents; and the Agent General for South Western Australia knows them personally and has assured me that they are most respectable married people.
Cusins
So they are in Australia; but here they are outcasts. Their marriage is legal in Australia, but not in England. My mother is my fatherโs deceased wifeโs sister; and in this island I am consequently a foundling. Sensation. Is the subterfuge good enough, Machiavelli?
Undershaft
Thoughtfully. Biddy: this may be a way out of the difficulty.
Lady Britomart
Stuff! A man canโt make cannons any the better for being his own cousin instead of his proper self She sits down in the deck chair with a bounce that expresses her downright contempt for their casuistry.
Undershaft
To Cusins. You are an educated man. That is against the tradition.
Cusins
Once in ten thousand times it happens that the schoolboy is a born master of what they try to teach him. Greek has not destroyed my mind: it has nourished it. Besides, I did not learn it at an English public school.
Undershaft
Hm! Well, I cannot afford to be too particular: you have cornered the foundling market. Let it pass. You are eligible, Euripides: you are eligible.
Barbara
Coming from the platform and interposing between Cusins and Undershaft. Dolly: yesterday morning, when Stephen told us all about the tradition, you became very silent; and you have been strange and excited ever since. Were you thinking of your birth then?
Cusins
When the finger of Destiny suddenly points at a man in the middle of his breakfast, it makes him thoughtful. Barbara turns away sadly and stands near her mother, listening perturbedly.
Undershaft
Aha! You have had your eye on the business, my young friend, have you?
Cusins
Take care! There is an abyss of moral horror between me and your accursed aerial battleships.
Undershaft
Never mind the abyss for the present. Let us settle the practical details and leave your final decision open. You know that you will have to change your name. Do you object to that?
Cusins
Would any man named Adolphusโ โany man called Dolly!โ โobject to be called something else?
Undershaft
Good. Now, as to money! I propose to treat you handsomely from the beginning. You shall start at a thousand a year.
Cusins
With sudden heat, his spectacles twinkling with mischief. A thousand! You dare offer a miserable thousand to the son-in-law of a millionaire! No, by Heavens, Machiavelli! you shall not cheat me. You cannot do without me; and I can do without you. I must have two thousand five hundred a year for two years. At the end of that time, if I am a failure, I go. But if I am a success, and stay on, you must give me the other five thousand.
Undershaft
What other five thousand?
Cusins
To make the two years up to five thousand a year. The two thousand five hundred is only half pay in case I should turn out a failure. The third year I must have ten percent on the profits.
Undershaft
Taken aback. Ten percent! Why, man, do you know what my profits are?
Cusins
Enormous, I hope: otherwise I shall require twenty-five percent.
Undershaft
But, Mr. Cusins, this is a serious matter of business. You are not bringing any capital into the concern.
Cusins
What! no capital! Is my mastery of Greek no capital? Is my access to the subtlest thought, the loftiest poetry yet attained by humanity, no capital? my character! my intellect! my life! my career! what Barbara calls my soul! are these no capital? Say another word; and I double my salary.
Undershaft
Be reasonableโ โ
Cusins
Peremptorily. Mr. Undershaft: you have my terms. Take them or leave them.
Undershaft
Recovering himself. Very well. I note your terms; and I offer you half.
Cusins
Disgusted. Half!
Undershaft
Firmly. Half.
Cusins
You call yourself a gentleman; and you offer me half!!
Undershaft
I do not call myself a gentleman; but I offer you half.
Cusins
This to your future partner! your successor! your son-in-law!
Barbara
You are selling your own soul, Dolly, not mine. Leave me out of the bargain, please.
Undershaft
Come! I will go a step further for Barbaraโs sake. I will give you three-fifths; but that is my last word.
Cusins
Done!
Lomax
Done in the eye. Why, I only get eight hundred, you know.
Cusins
By the way, Mac, I am a classical scholar, not an arithmetical one. Is three-fifths more than half or less?
Undershaft
More, of course.
Cusins
I would have taken two hundred and fifty. How you can succeed in business when you are willing to pay all that money to a University don who is obviously not worth a junior clerkโs wages!โ โwell! What will Lazarus say?
Undershaft
Lazarus is a gentle romantic Jew who cares for nothing but string quartets and stalls at fashionable theatres. He will get the credit of your rapacity in money matters, as he has hitherto had the credit of mine. You are a shark of the first order, Euripides. So much the better for the firm!
Barbara
Is the
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