The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency (ebook reader 8 inch .txt) π
Concise descriptions of the major religions mentioned in the Factbookhave been added to the Notes and Definitions. France 's redesignationof some of its overseas possessions caused the five former Indian Oceanisland possessions making up Iles Eparses to be incorporated into theFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands, while two new Caribbean entities,St. Barthelemy and St. Martin, were created.
Revision of some individual country maps, first introduced in the 2001edition, is continued in this edition. The revised maps includeelevation extremes and a partial geographic grid. Several regional mapshave also been updated to reflect boundary changes and place namespelling changes.
Abbreviations: This information is included in Appendix A:Abbreviations, which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used inthe Factbook, with their expansions.
Acronyms: An acronym is an abbreviation coined from the initial letterof each
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Australia
white 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal and other 1%
Austria
Austrians 91.1%, former Yugoslavs 4% (includes Croatians,
Slovenes, Serbs, and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, German 0.9%, other or
unspecified 2.4% (2001 census)
Azerbaijan
Azeri 90.6%, Dagestani 2.2%, Russian 1.8%, Armenian 1.5%,
other 3.9% (1999 census)
note: almost all Armenians live in the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh
region
Bahamas, The
black 85%, white 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3%
Bahrain
Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
Bangladesh
Bengali 98%, other 2% (includes tribal groups,
non-Bengali Muslims) (1998)
Barbados
black 90%, white 4%, Asian and mixed 6%
Belarus
Belarusian 81.2%, Russian 11.4%, Polish 3.9%, Ukrainian
2.4%, other 1.1% (1999 census)
Belgium
Fleming 58%, Walloon 31%, mixed or other 11%
Belize
mestizo 48.7%, Creole 24.9%, Maya 10.6%, Garifuna 6.1%, other
9.7% (2000 census)
Benin
Fon and related 39.2%, Adja and related 15.2%, Yoruba and
related 12.3%, Bariba and related 9.2%, Peulh and related 7%,
Ottamari and related 6.1%, Yoa-Lokpa and related 4%, Dendi and
related 2.5%, other 1.6% (includes Europeans), unspecified 2.9%
(2002 census)
Bermuda
black 54.8%, white 34.1%, mixed 6.4%, other races 4.3%,
unspecified 0.4% (2000 census)
Bhutan
Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35% (includes Lhotsampas - one of
several Nepalese ethnic groups), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Bolivia
Quechua 30%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry)
30%, Aymara 25%, white 15%
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosniak 48%, Serb 37.1%, Croat 14.3%, other
0.6% (2000)
note: Bosniak has replaced Muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid
confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam
Botswana
Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other,
including Kgalagadi and white 7%
Brazil
white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black
6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%, unspecified
0.7% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islands
black 83.4%, white 7%, mixed 5.4%, Indian
3.4%, other 0.8% (1991 census)
Brunei
Malay 66.3%, Chinese 11.2%, indigenous 3.4%, other 19.1%
(2004 est.)
Bulgaria
Bulgarian 83.9%, Turk 9.4%, Roma 4.7%, other 2% (including
Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian) (2001 census)
Burkina Faso
Mossi over 40%, other approximately 60% (includes
Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani)
Burma
Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian
2%, Mon 2%, other 5%
Burundi
Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%,
Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Cambodia
Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Cameroon
Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%,
Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other
African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Canada
British Isles origin 28%, French origin 23%, other European
15%, Amerindian 2%, other, mostly Asian, African, Arab 6%, mixed
background 26%
Cape Verde
Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Cayman Islands
mixed 40%, white 20%, black 20%, expatriates of
various ethnic groups 20%
Central African Republic
Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10%,
Mboum 7%, M'Baka 4%, Yakoma 4%, other 2%
Chad
Sara 27.7%, Arab 12.3%, Mayo-Kebbi 11.5%, Kanem-Bornou 9%,
Ouaddai 8.7%, Hadjarai 6.7%, Tandjile 6.5%, Gorane 6.3%, Fitri-Batha
4.7%, other 6.4%, unknown 0.3% (1993 census)
Chile
white and white-Amerindian 95.4%, Mapuche 4%, other indigenous
groups 0.6% (2002 census)
China
Han Chinese 91.5%, Zhuang, Manchu, Hui, Miao, Uyghur, Tujia,
Yi, Mongol, Tibetan, Buyi, Dong, Yao, Korean, and other
nationalities 8.5% (2000 census)
Christmas Island
Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Europeans, Cocos Malays
Colombia
mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed
black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
Comoros
Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Congo, Democratic Republic of the over 200 African ethnic groups of which the majority are Bantu; the four largest tribes - Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population
Congo, Republic of the
Kongo 48%, Sangha 20%, M'Bochi 12%, Teke 17%,
Europeans and other 3%
Cook Islands
Cook Island Maori (Polynesian) 87.7%, part Cook Island
Maori 5.8%, other 6.5% (2001 census)
Costa Rica
white (including mestizo) 94%, black 3%, Amerindian 1%,
Chinese 1%, other 1%
Cote d'Ivoire
Akan 42.1%, Voltaiques or Gur 17.6%, Northern Mandes
16.5%, Krous 11%, Southern Mandes 10%, other 2.8% (includes 130,000
Lebanese and 14,000 French) (1998)
Croatia
Croat 89.6%, Serb 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak,
Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, and Roma) (2001 census)
Cuba
white 65.1%, mulatto and mestizo 24.8%, black 10.1% (2002
census)
Cyprus
Greek 77%, Turkish 18%, other 5% (2001)
Czech Republic
Czech 90.4%, Moravian 3.7%, Slovak 1.9%, other 4%
(2001 census)
Denmark
Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian,
Somali
Djibouti
Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (includes French, Arab,
Ethiopian, and Italian)
Dominica
black 86.8%, mixed 8.9%, Carib Amerindian 2.9%, white 0.8%,
other 0.7% (2001 census)
Dominican Republic
mixed 73%, white 16%, black 11%
Ecuador
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%,
Spanish and others 7%, black 3%
Egypt
Egyptian 99.6%, other 0.4% (2006 census)
El Salvador
mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1%
Equatorial Guinea
Fang 85.7%, Bubi 6.5%, Mdowe 3.6%, Annobon 1.6%,
Bujeba 1.1%, other 1.4% (1994 census)
Eritrea
Tigrinya 50%, Tigre and Kunama 40%, Afar 4%, Saho (Red Sea
coast dwellers) 3%, other 3%
Estonia
Estonian 67.9%, Russian 25.6%, Ukrainian 2.1%, Belarusian
1.3%, Finn 0.9%, other 2.2% (2000 census)
Ethiopia
Oromo 32.1%, Amara 30.1%, Tigraway 6.2%, Somalie 5.9%,
Guragie 4.3%, Sidama 3.5%, Welaita 2.4%, other 15.4% (1994 census)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
British
Faroe Islands
Scandinavian
Fiji
Fijian 57.3% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian
admixture), Indian 37.6%, Rotuman 1.2%, other 3.9% (European, other
Pacific Islanders, Chinese) (2007 census)
Finland
Finn 93.4%, Swede 5.6%, Russian 0.5%, Estonian 0.3%, Roma
(Gypsy) 0.1%, Sami 0.1% (2006)
France
Celtic and Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African,
Indochinese, Basque minorities
overseas departments: black, white, mulatto, East Indian, Chinese,
Amerindian
French Polynesia
Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%,
metropolitan French 4%
Gabon
Bantu tribes, including four major tribal groupings (Fang,
Bapounou, Nzebi, Obamba); other Africans and Europeans, 154,000,
including 10,700 French and 11,000 persons of dual nationality
Gambia, The
African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola
10%, Serahuli 9%, other 4%), non-African 1% (2003 census)
Gaza Strip
Palestinian Arab
Georgia
Georgian 83.8%, Azeri 6.5%, Armenian 5.7%, Russian 1.5%,
other 2.5% (2002 census)
Germany
German 91.5%, Turkish 2.4%, other 6.1% (made up largely of
Greek, Italian, Polish, Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Spanish)
Ghana
Akan 45.3%, Mole-Dagbon 15.2%, Ewe 11.7%, Ga-Dangme 7.3%, Guan
4%, Gurma 3.6%, Grusi 2.6%, Mande-Busanga 1%, other tribes 1.4%,
other 7.8% (2000 census)
Gibraltar
Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German,
North Africans
Greece
population: Greek 93%, other (foreign citizens) 7% (2001
census)
note: percents represent citizenship, since Greece does not collect
data on ethnicity
Greenland
Greenlander 88% (Inuit and Greenland-born whites), Danish
and others 12% (2000)
Grenada
black 82%, mixed black and European 13%, European and East
Indian 5%, and trace of Arawak/Carib Amerindian
Guam
Chamorro 37.1%, Filipino 26.3%, other Pacific islander 11.3%,
white 6.9%, other Asian 6.3%, other ethnic origin or race 2.3%,
mixed 9.8% (2000 census)
Guatemala
Mestizo (mixed Amerindian-Spanish - in local Spanish
called Ladino) and European 59.4%, K'iche 9.1%, Kaqchikel 8.4%, Mam
7.9%, Q'eqchi 6.3%, other Mayan 8.6%, indigenous non-Mayan 0.2%,
other 0.1% (2001 census)
Guernsey
UK and Norman-French descent with small percentages from
other European countries
Guinea
Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller ethnic groups 10%
Guinea-Bissau
African 99% (includes Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca
14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%), European and mulatto less than 1%
Guyana
East Indian 43.5%, black (African) 30.2%, mixed 16.7%,
Amerindian 9.1%, other 0.5% (2002 census)
Haiti
black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Holy See (Vatican City)
Italians, Swiss, other
Honduras
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%,
black 2%, white 1%
Hong Kong
Chinese 95%, Filipino 1.6%, Indonesian 1.3%, other 2.1%
(2006 census)
Hungary
Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 1.9%, other or unknown 5.8% (2001
census)
Iceland
homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norse and Celts 94%,
population of foreign origin 6%
India
Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
Indonesia
Javanese 40.6%, Sundanese 15%, Madurese 3.3%, Minangkabau
2.7%, Betawi 2.4%, Bugis 2.4%, Banten 2%, Banjar 1.7%, other or
unspecified 29.9% (2000 census)
Iran
Persian 51%, Azeri 24%, Gilaki and Mazandarani 8%, Kurd 7%,
Arab 3%, Lur 2%, Baloch 2%, Turkmen 2%, other 1%
Iraq
Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5%
Ireland
Irish 87.4%, other white 7.5%, Asian 1.3%, black 1.1%, mixed
1.1%, unspecified 1.6% (2006 census)
Isle of Man
Manx (Norse-Celtic descent), Britons
Israel
Jewish 76.4% (of which Israel-born 67.1%, Europe/America-born
22.6%, Africa-born 5.9%, Asia-born 4.2%), non-Jewish 23.6% (mostly
Arab) (2004)
Italy
Italian (includes small clusters of German-, French-, and
Slovene-Italians in the north and Albanian-Italians and
Greek-Italians in the south)
Jamaica
black 91.2%, mixed 6.2%, other or unknown 2.6% (2001 census)
Japan
Japanese 98.5%, Koreans 0.5%, Chinese 0.4%, other 0.6%
note: up to 230,000 Brazilians of Japanese origin migrated to Japan
in the 1990s to work in industries; some have returned to Brazil
(2004)
Jersey
Jersey 51.1%, Britons 34.8%, Irish, French, and other white
6.6%, Portuguese/Madeiran 6.4%, other 1.1% (2001 census)
Jordan
Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq) 53.4%, Russian 30%, Ukrainian 3.7%, Uzbek
2.5%, German 2.4%, Tatar 1.7%, Uygur 1.4%, other 4.9% (1999 census)
Kenya
Kikuyu 22%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 12%, Kamba 11%, Kisii
6%, Meru 6%, other African 15%, non-African (Asian, European, and
Arab) 1%
Kiribati
Micronesian 98.8%, other 1.2% (2000 census)
Korea, North
racially homogeneous; there is a small Chinese
community and a few ethnic Japanese
Korea, South
homogeneous (except for about 20,000 Chinese)
Kosovo
Albanians 88%, Serbs 7%, other 5% (Bosniak, Gorani, Roma,
Turk, Ashkali, Egyptian)
Kuwait
Kuwaiti 45%, other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Iranian 4%,
other 7%
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz 64.9%, Uzbek 13.8%, Russian 12.5%, Dungan 1.1%,
Ukrainian 1%, Uygur 1%, other 5.7% (1999 census)
Laos
Lao 55%, Khmou 11%, Hmong 8%, other (over 100 minor ethnic
groups) 26% (2005 census)
Latvia
Latvian 57.7%, Russian 29.6%, Belarusian 4.1%, Ukrainian
2.7%, Polish 2.5%, Lithuanian 1.4%, other 2% (2002)
Lebanon
Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1%
note: many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but
rather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be
called Phoenicians
Lesotho
Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%,
Liberia
indigenous African 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru,
Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, Dei, Bella,
Mandingo, and Mende), Americo-Liberians 2.5% (descendants of
immigrants from the US who had been slaves), Congo People 2.5%
(descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean who had been slaves)
Libya
Berber and Arab 97%, other 3% (includes Greeks, Maltese,
Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, and Tunisians)
Liechtenstein
Liechtensteiner 65.6%, other 34.4% (2000 census)
Lithuania
Lithuanian 83.4%, Polish 6.7%, Russian 6.3%, other or
unspecified 3.6% (2001 census)
Luxembourg
Luxembourger 63.1%, Portuguese 13.3%, French 4.5%,
Italian 4.3%, German 2.3%, other EU 7.3%, other 5.2% (2000 census)
Macau
Chinese 94.3%, other 5.7% (includes Macanese (mixed Portuguese
and Asian ancestry)) (2006 census)
Macedonia
Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma
(Gypsy) 2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census)
Madagascar
Malayo-Indonesian (Merina and related Betsileo), Cotiers
(mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry -
Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava), French, Indian,
Creole, Comoran
Malawi
Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni,
Ngonde, Asian, European
Malaysia
Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%,
others 7.8% (2004 est.)
Maldives
South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Mali
Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%,
Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Malta
Maltese (descendants of ancient Carthaginians and Phoenicians
with strong elements of Italian and other Mediterranean stock)
Marshall Islands
Marshallese 92.1%, mixed Marshallese 5.9%, other 2%
(2006)
Mauritania
mixed Moor/black 40%, Moor 30%, black 30%
Mauritius
Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%,
Franco-Mauritian 2%
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 60%, Amerindian or predominantly
Amerindian 30%, white 9%, other 1%
Micronesia, Federated States of
Chuukese 48.8%, Pohnpeian 24.2%,
Kosraean 6.2%, Yapese 5.2%, Yap outer islands 4.5%, Asian 1.8%,
Polynesian 1.5%, other 6.4%, unknown 1.4% (2000 census)
Moldova
Moldovan/Romanian 78.2%, Ukrainian 8.4%, Russian 5.8%,
Gagauz 4.4%, Bulgarian 1.9%, other 1.3% (2004 census)
note: internal disputes with ethnic Slavs in the Transnistrian region
Monaco
French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%
Mongolia
Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%,
other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000)
Montenegro
Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%,
other (Muslims, Croats, Roma (Gypsy)) 12% (2003 census)
Montserrat
black, white
Morocco
Arab-Berber 99.1%, other 0.7%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique
African 99.66% (Makhuwa, Tsonga, Lomwe, Sena, and
others), Europeans 0.06%, Euro-Africans 0.2%, Indians 0.08%
Namibia
black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5%
note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9%
to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups include Herero 7%, Damara
7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%
Nauru
Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European
8%
Nepal
Chhettri 15.5%, Brahman-Hill 12.5%, Magar 7%, Tharu 6.6%,
Tamang 5.5%, Newar 5.4%, Muslim 4.2%, Kami 3.9%, Yadav 3.9%, other
32.7%, unspecified 2.8% (2001 census)
Netherlands
Dutch 80.7%, EU 5%, Indonesian 2.4%, Turkish 2.2%,
Surinamese 2%, Moroccan 2%, Netherlands Antilles & Aruba 0.8%, other
4.8% (2008 est.)
Netherlands Antilles
mixed black 85%, other 15% (includes Carib
Amerindian, white, East Asian)
New Caledonia
Melanesian 44.1%, European 34.1%, Wallisian & Futunian
9%, Tahitian 2.6%, Indonesian 2.5%, Vietnamese 1.4%, Ni-Vanuatu
1.1%, other 5.2% (1996 census)
New Zealand
European 69.8%, Maori 7.9%, Asian 5.7%, Pacific islander
4.4%, other 0.5%, mixed 7.8%, unspecified 3.8% (2001 census)
Nicaragua
mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 69%, white 17%, black
9%, Amerindian 5%
Niger
Haoussa 55.4%, Djerma Sonrai 21%, Tuareg 9.3%, Peuhl 8.5%,
Kanouri Manga 4.7%, other 1.2% (2001 census)
Nigeria
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more
than 250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and
politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo
(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Niue
Niuen 78.2%, Pacific islander 10.2%, European 4.5%, mixed 3.9%,
Asian 0.2%, unspecified 3%
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