The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency (ebook reader 8 inch .txt) π
Concise descriptions of the major religions mentioned in the Factbookhave been added to the Notes and Definitions. France 's redesignationof some of its overseas possessions caused the five former Indian Oceanisland possessions making up Iles Eparses to be incorporated into theFrench Southern and Antarctic Lands, while two new Caribbean entities,St. Barthelemy and St. Martin, were created.
Revision of some individual country maps, first introduced in the 2001edition, is continued in this edition. The revised maps includeelevation extremes and a partial geographic grid. Several regional mapshave also been updated to reflect boundary changes and place namespelling changes.
Abbreviations: This information is included in Appendix A:Abbreviations, which includes all abbreviations and acronyms used inthe Factbook, with their expansions.
Acronyms: An acronym is an abbreviation coined from the initial letterof each
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Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF)
per US dollar - 483.6 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29
(2004), 581.2 (2003)
Cook Islands
NZ dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408
(2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)
Costa Rica
Costa Rican colones (CRC) per US dollar - 519.53 (2007),
511.3 (2006), 477.79 (2005), 437.91 (2004), 398.66 (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 481.83 (2007), 522.89 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004),
581.2 (2003)
note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Croatia
kuna (HRK) per US dollar - 5.3735 (2007), 5.8625 (2006),
5.9473 (2005), 6.0358 (2004), 6.7035 (2003)
Cuba
Cuban pesos (CUP) per US dollar - 0.9259 (2007), 0.9231 (2006)
note: Cuba has two currencies in circulation: the Cuban peso (CUP)
and the convertible peso (CUC); in April 2005 the official exchange
rate changed from $1 per CUC to $1.08 per CUC (0.93 CUC per $1),
both for individuals and enterprises; individuals can buy 24 Cuban
pesos (CUP) for each CUC sold, or sell 25 Cuban pesos for each CUC
bought; enterprises, however, must exchange CUP and CUC at a 1:1
ratio.
Cyprus
Cypriot pounds (CYP) per US dollar -: 0.4286 (2007), 0.4586
(2006), 0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003)
Czech Republic
koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 20.53 (2007), 22.596
(2006), 23.957 (2005), 25.7 (2004), 28.209 (2003)
Denmark
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.4797 (2007), 5.9468
(2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003)
Dhekelia
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.4286 (2007), 0.46019 (2006),
0.4641 (2005), 0.4686 (2004), 0.5174 (2003)
Djibouti
Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar - 177.71 (2007),
174.75 (2006), 177.72 (2005), 177.72 (2004), 177.72 (2003)
Dominica
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007),
2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Dominican Republic
Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - 33.113
(2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004), 30.831 (2003)
Ecuador
the US dollar is used; the sucre was eliminated in 2000
Egypt
Egyptian pounds (EGP) per US dollar - 5.67 (2007), 5.725
(2006), 5.78 (2005), 6.1962 (2004), 5.8509 (2003)
El Salvador
the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001
Equatorial Guinea
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per
US dollar - 481.83 (2007), 522.4 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29
(2004), 581.2 (2003)
Eritrea
nakfa (ERN) per US dollar - 15.5 (2007), 15.4 (2006), 14.5
(2005), 13.788 (2004), 13.878 (2003)
note: the official exchange rate is 15 nakfa to the dollar
Estonia
krooni (EEK) per US dollar - 11.535 (2007), 12.473 (2006),
12.584 (2005), 12.596 (2004), 13.856 (2003)
note: the krooni is pegged to the euro
Ethiopia
birr (ETB) per US dollar - 8.96 (2007), 8.69 (2006), 8.68
(2005), 8.6356 (2004), 8.5997 (2003)
note: since 24 October 2001, exchange rates are determined on a
daily basis via interbank transactions regulated by the Central Bank
European Union
euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Falkland pounds (FKP) per US
dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5504 (2005), 0.5462 (2004),
0.6125 (2003)
note: the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Faroe Islands
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.4797 (2007),
5.9468 (2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003)
Fiji
Fijian dollars (FJD) per US dollar - NA (2007), 1.7313 (2006),
1.691 (2005), 1.7331 (2004), 1.8958 (2003)
Finland
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
France
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
French Polynesia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US
dollar - 87.59 (2007), 94.97 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004),
105.66 (2003)
note: pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Gabon
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar -
481.83 (2007), 522.89 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2
(2003)
Gambia, The
dalasis (GMD) per US dollar - 27.79 (2007), 28.066
(2006), 28.575 (2005), 30.03 (2004), 27.306 (2003)
Gaza Strip
new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 4.14 (2007),
4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003)
Georgia
laris (GEL) per US dollar - 1.7 (2007), 1.78 (2006), 1.8127
(2005), 1.9167 (2004), 2.1457 (2003)
Germany
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Ghana
cedis (GHC) per US dollar - 0.95 (2007), 9,174.8 (2006),
9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003)
note: in 2007 Ghana revalued its currency with 10,000 old cedis
equal to 1 new cedis
Gibraltar
Gibraltar pounds (GIP) per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007),
0.5434 (2006), 0.5504 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Greece
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Greenland
Danish kroner (DKK) per US dollar - 5.4797 (2007), 5.9468
(2006), 5.9969 (2005), 5.9911 (2004), 6.5877 (2003)
Grenada
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7
(2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
Guam
the US dollar is used
Guatemala
quetzales (GTQ) per US dollar - 7.6833 (2007), 7.6026
(2006), 7.6339 (2005), 7.9465 (2004), 7.9409 (2003)
Guernsey
Guernsey pound 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005),
0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
note: the Guernsey pound is at par with the British pound
Guinea
Guinean francs (GNF) per US dollar - 4,122.8 (2007), 5,350
(2006), 3,644.3 (2005), 2,225 (2004), 1,984.9 (2003)
Guinea-Bissau
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US
dollar - 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004),
581.2 (2003)
note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Guyana
Guyanese dollars (GYD) per US dollar - 201.89 (2007), 200.28
(2006), 200.79 (2005), 198.31 (2004), 193.88 (2003)
Haiti
gourdes (HTG) per US dollar - 37.138 (2007), 40.232 (2006),
40.449 (2005), 38.352 (2004), 42.367 (2003)
Holy See (Vatican City)
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007),
0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Honduras
lempiras (HNL) per US dollar - 18.9 (2007), 18.895 (2006),
18.92 (2005), 18.206 (2004), 17.345 (2003)
Hong Kong
Hong Kong dollars (HKD) per US dollar - 7.802 (2007),
7.7678 (2006), 7.7773 (2005), 7.788 (2004), 7.7868 (2003)
Hungary
forints (HUF) per US dollar - 186.16 (2007), 210.39 (2006),
199.58 (2005), 202.75 (2004), 224.31 (2003)
Iceland
Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar - 63.391 (2007), 70.195
(2006), 62.982 (2005), 70.192 (2004), 76.709 (2003)
India
Indian rupees (INR) per US dollar - 41.487 (2007), 45.3
(2006), 44.101 (2005), 45.317 (2004), 46.583 (2003)
Indonesia
Indonesian rupiah (IDR) per US dollar - 9,056 (2007 est.),
9,159.3 (2006), 9,704.7 (2005), 8,938.9 (2004), 8,577.1 (2003)
Iran
Iranian rials (IRR) per US dollar - 9,407.5 (2007), 9,227.1
(2006), 8,964 (2005), 8,614 (2004), 8,193.9 (2003)
note: Iran has been using a managed floating exchange rate regime
since unifying multiple exchange rates in March 2002
Iraq
New Iraqi dinars (NID) per US dollar - 1,255 (2007), 1,466
(2006), 1,475 (2005), 1,890 (second half, 2003)
Ireland
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Isle of Man
Manx pounds (IMP) per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418
(2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
note: the Manx pound is at par with the British pound
Israel
new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 4.14 (2007), 4.4565
(2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003)
Italy
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Jamaica
Jamaican dollars (JMD) per US dollar - 69.034 (2007), 65.768
(2006), 62.51 (2005), 61.197 (2004), 57.741 (2003)
Japan
yen (JPY) per US dollar - 117.99 (2007), 116.18 (2006), 110.22
(2005), 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003)
Jersey
Jersey pounds per US dollar 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006),
0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
note: the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound
Jordan
Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar - 0.709 (2007), 0.709
(2006), 0.709 (2005), 0.709 (2004), 0.709 (2003)
Kazakhstan
tenge (KZT) per US dollar - 122.55 (2007), 126.09 (2006),
132.88 (2005), 136.04 (2004), 149.58 (2003)
Kenya
Kenyan shillings (KES) per US dollar - 68.309 (2007), 72.101
(2006), 75.554 (2005), 79.174 (2004), 75.936 (2003)
Kiribati
Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007),
1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Korea, North
North Korean won (KPW) per US dollar - 140 (2007), 141
(2006), 170 (December 2004), market: North Korean won per US dollar
- 2,500-3,000 (December 2006)
Korea, South
South Korean won (KRW) per US dollar - 929.2 (2007),
954.8 (2006), 1,024.1 (2005), 1,145.3 (2004), 1,191.6 (2003)
Kosovo
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007)
Kuwait
Kuwaiti dinars (KD) per US dollar - 0.2844 (2007), 0.29
(2006), 0.292 (2005), 0.2947 (2004), 0.298 (2003)
Kyrgyzstan
soms (KGS) per US dollar - 37.746 (2007), 40.149 (2006),
41.012 (2005), 42.65 (2004), 43.648 (2003)
Laos
kips (LAK) per US dollar - 9,658 (2007), 10,235 (2006), 10,820
(2005), 10,585.5 (2004), 10,569 (2003)
Latvia
lati (LVL) per US dollar - 0.5162 (2007), 0.5597 (2006),
0.5647 (2005), 0.5402 (2004), 0.5715 (2003)
Lebanon
Lebanese pounds (LBP) per US dollar - 1,507.5 (2007),
1,507.5 (2006), 1,507.5 (2005), 1,507.5 (2004), 1,507.5 (2003)
Lesotho
maloti (LSL) per US dollar - 7.25 (2007), 6.85 (2006),
6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003)
Liberia
Liberian dollars (LRD) per US dollar - NA (2007), 59.43
(2006), 53.098 (2005), 54.906 (2004), 59.379 (2003)
Libya
Libyan dinars (LYD) per US dollar - 1.2604 (2007), 1.3108
(2006), 1.3084 (2005), 1.305 (2004), 1.2929 (2003)
Liechtenstein
Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - 1.1973 (2007),
1.2539 (2006), 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003)
Lithuania
litai (LTL) per US dollar - 2.5362 (2007), 2.7498 (2006),
2.774 (2005), 2.7806 (2004), 3.0609 (2003)
Luxembourg
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Macau
patacas (MOP) per US dollar - 8.011 (2007), 8.0015 (2006),
8.011 (2005), 8.022 (2004), 8.021 (2003)
Macedonia
Macedonian denars (MKD) per US dollar - 44.732 (2007),
48.978 (2006), 48.92 (2005), 49.41 (2004), 54.322 (2003)
Madagascar
Malagasy ariary (MGA) per US dollar - 1,880 (2007),
2,161.4 (2006), 2,003 (2005), 1,868.9 (2004), 1,238.3 (2003)
Malawi
Malawian kwachas (MWK) per US dollar - 141.12 (2007), 135.96
(2006), 108.894 (2005), 108.898 (2004), 97.433 (2003)
Malaysia
ringgits (MYR) per US dollar - 3.46 (2007), 3.6683 (2006),
3.8 (2005), 3.8 (2004), 3.8 (2003)
Maldives
rufiyaa (MVR) per US dollar - NA (2007), 12.8 (2006), 12.8
(2005), 12.8 (2004), 12.8 (2003)
Mali
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2
(2003)
note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Malta
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.6795 (January 2008), Maltese
liri per US dollar - 0.3106 (2007), 0.37 (2006), 0.34578 (2005),
0.34466 (2004), 0.37723 (2003)
Marshall Islands
the US dollar is used
Mauritania
ouguiyas (MRO) per US dollar - NA (2007), 271.3 (2006),
267.04 (2005), 265.8 (2004), 263.03 (2003)
Mauritius
Mauritian rupees (MUR) per US dollar - 31.798 (2007),
31.656 (2006), 29.496 (2005), 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003)
Mayotte
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Mexico
Mexican pesos (MXN) per US dollar - 10.8 (2007), 10.899
(2006), 10.898 (2005), 11.286 (2004), 10.789 (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of
the US dollar is used
Moldova
Moldovan lei (MDL) per US dollar - 12.177 (2007), 13.131
(2006), 12.6 (2005), 12.33 (2004), 13.945 (2003)
Monaco
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Mongolia
togrog/tugriks (MNT) per US dollar - 1,170 (2007), 1,179.6
(2006), 1,205 (2005), 1,185.3 (2004), 1,146.5 (2003)
Montenegro
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Montserrat
East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007),
2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)
note: fixed rate since 1976
Morocco
Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - 8.3563 (2007), 8.7722
(2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.574 (2003)
Mozambique
meticais (MZM) per US dollar - 26.264 (2007), 25.4
(2006), 23,061 (2005), 22,581 (2004), 23,782 (2003)
note: in 2006 Mozambique revalued its currency, with 1000 old
meticais equal to 1 new meticais
Namibia
Namibian dollars (NAD) per US dollar - 7.18 (2007), 6.7649
(2006), 6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003)
Nauru
Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.2137 (2007), 1.3285
(2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)
Nepal
Nepalese rupees (NPR) per US dollar - NA (2007), 72.446
(2006), 72.16 (2005), 73.674 (2004), 76.141 (2003)
Netherlands
euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964
(2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antillean guilders (ANG) per US
dollar - NA (2007), 1.79 (2006), 1.79 (2005), 1.79 (2004), 1.79
(2003)
New Caledonia
Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US
dollar - 87.59 (2007), 95.025 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004),
105.66 (2003)
New Zealand
New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007),
1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)
Nicaragua
gold cordobas (NIO) per US dollar - 18.457 (2007), 17.582
(2006), 16.733 (2005), 15.937 (2004), 15.105 (2003)
Niger
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2
(2003)
note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro
Nigeria
nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 127.46 (2007), 127.38 (2006),
132.59 (2005), 132.89 (2004), 129.22 (2003)
Niue
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