The 2008 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency (ebook reader 8 inch .txt) 📕

Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007), 1.5408
  (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)

Norfolk Island
  Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar - 1.2137
  (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003)

Northern Mariana Islands
  the US dollar is used

Norway
  Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007), 6.4117
  (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)

Oman
  Omani rials (OMR) per US dollar - 0.3845 (2007), 0.3845 (2006),
  0.3845 (2005), 0.3845 (2004), 0.3845 (2003)

Pakistan
  Pakistani rupees (PKR) per US dollar - 60.6295 (2007),
  60.35 (2006), 59.515 (2005), 58.258 (2004), 57.752 (2003)

Palau
  the US dollar is used

Panama
  balboas (PAB) per US dollar - 1 (2007), 1 (2006), 1 (2005), 1
  (2004), 1 (2003)

Papua New Guinea
  kina (PGK) per US dollar - 3.03 (2007), 3.0643
  (2006), 3.08 (2005), 3.2225 (2004), 3.5635 (2003)

Paraguay
  guarani (PYG) per US dollar - 5,031 (2007), 5,672.8 (2006),
  6,178 (2005), 5,974.6 (2004), 6,424.3 (2003)

Peru
  nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - 3.1731 (2007), 3.2742 (2006),
  3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004), 3.4785 (2003)

Philippines
  Philippine pesos (PHP) per US dollar - 46.148 (2007),
  51.246 (2006), 55.086 (2005), 56.04 (2004), 54.203 (2003)

Pitcairn Islands
  New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.3811
  (2007), 1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)

Poland
  zlotych (PLN) per US dollar - 2.81 (2007), 3.1032 (2006),
  3.2355 (2005), 3.6576 (2004), 3.8891 (2003)
  note: zlotych is the plural form of zloty

Portugal
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
  0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Puerto Rico
  the US dollar is used

Qatar
  Qatari rials (QAR) per US dollar - 3.64 (2007), 3.64 (2006),
  3.64 (2005), 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003)

Romania
  lei (RON) per US dollar - 2.43 (2007), 2.809 (2006), 3
  (2005), 3 (2004), 3 (2003)

Russia
  Russian rubles (RUB) per US dollar - 25.659 (2007), 27.19
  (2006), 28.284 (2005), 28.814 (2004), 30.692 (2003)

Rwanda
  Rwandan francs (RWF) per US dollar - 585 (2007), 560 (2006),
  610 (2005), 574.62 (2004), 537.66 (2003)

Saint Barthelemy
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964
  (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Saint Helena
  Saint Helenian pounds (SHP) per US dollar - 0.4993
  (2007), 0.5434 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
  note: the Saint Helenian pound is on par with the British pound

Saint Kitts and Nevis
  East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar -
  2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)

Saint Lucia
  East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US dollar - 2.7 (2007),
  2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)

Saint Martin
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964
  (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007),
  0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  East Caribbean dollars (XCD) per US
  dollar - 2.7 (2007), 2.7 (2006), 2.7 (2005), 2.7 (2004), 2.7 (2003)

Samoa
  tala (SAT) per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.7594 (2006), 2.7103
  (2005), 2.7807 (2004), 2.9732 (2003)

San Marino
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
  0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Sao Tome and Principe
  dobras (STD) per US dollar - 13,700 (2007),
  12,050 (2006), 9,900.4 (2005), 9,902.3 (2004), 9,347.6 (2003)

Saudi Arabia
  Saudi riyals (SAR) per US dollar - 3.745 (2007), 3.745
  (2006), 3.747 (2005), 3.75 (2004), 3.75 (2003)

Senegal
  Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
  481.83 (2007), 522.89 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2
  (2003)
  note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
  euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro

Serbia
  Serbian dinars (RSD) per US dollar - 54.5 (2007), 59.98 (2006)

Seychelles
  Seychelles rupees (SCR) per US dollar - 6.5 (2007), 5.5
  (2006), 5.5 (2005), 5.5 (2004), 5.4007 (2003)

Sierra Leone
  leones (SLL) per US dollar - NA (2007), 2,961.7 (2006),
  2,889.6 (2005), 2,701.3 (2004), 2,347.9 (2003)

Singapore
  Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar - 1.507 (2007),
  1.5889 (2006), 1.6644 (2005), 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003)

Slovakia
  Slovak koruny (SKK) per US dollar - 24.919 (2007), 29.611
  (2006), 31.018 (2005), 32.257 (2004), 36.773 (2003)

Slovenia
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), tolars per US
  dollar - 190.85 (2006), 192.71 (2005), 192.38 (2004), 207.11 (2003)
  note: Slovenia adopted the euro as its currency on 1 January 2007

Solomon Islands
  Solomon Islands dollars (SBD) per US dollar - NA
  (2007), 7.3447 (2006), 7.5299 (2005), 7.4847 (2004), 7.5059 (2003)

Somalia
  Somali shillings (SOS) per US dollar - NA (2007), 1,438.3
  (2006) official rate; the unofficial black market rate was about
  23,000 shillings per dollar as of February 2007
  note: the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent
  country not recognized by any foreign government, issues its own
  currency, the Somaliland shilling

South Africa
  rand (ZAR) per US dollar - 7.05 (2007), 6.7649 (2006),
  6.3593 (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003)

Spain
  euros (EUR) per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006),
  0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)

Sri Lanka
  Sri Lankan rupees (LKR) per US dollar - 110.78 (2007),
  103.99 (2006), 100.498 (2005), 101.194 (2004), 96.521 (2003)

Sudan
  Sudanese pounds (SDG) per US dollar - 2.06 (2007), 2.172
  (2006), 2.4361 (2005), 2.5791 (2004), 2.6098 (2003)
  note: in October 2007 Sudan redenominated its currency by
  transforming 100 units of Sudanese dinar into one unit of Sudanese
  pound

Suriname
  Surinamese dollars (SRD) per US dollar - 2.745 (2007),
  2.745 (2006), 2.7317 (2005), 2.7336 (2004), 2.6013 (2003)
  note: in January 2004, the government replaced the guilder with the
  Surinamese dollar, tied to a US dollar-dominated currency basket

Svalbard
  Norwegian kroner (NOK) per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007),
  6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)

Swaziland
  emalangeni per US dollar - 7.4 (2007), 6.85 (2006), 6.3593
  (2005), 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003)

Sweden
  Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar - 6.7629 (2007), 7.3731
  (2006), 7.4731 (2005), 7.3489 (2004), 8.0863 (2003)

Switzerland
  Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - 1.1973 (2007), 1.2539
  (2006), 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003)

Syria
  Syrian pounds (SYP) per US dollar - 50.0085 (2007), 51.689
  (2006), 50 (2005), 48.5 (2004), 52.8 (2003)
  note: data for 2004-06 are the public sector rate; data for 2002-03
  are the parallel market rate in 'Amman and Beirut; the official rate
  for repaying loans was 11.25 Syrian pounds per US dollars during
  2004-06,

Taiwan
  New Taiwan dollars (TWD) per US dollar - 32.84 (2007), 32.534
  (2006), 31.71 (2005), 34.418 (2004), 34.575 (2003)

Tajikistan
  Tajikistani somoni (TJS) per US dollar - 3.4418 (2007),
  3.3 (2006), 3.1166 (2005), 2.9705 (2004), 3.0614 (2003)

Tanzania
  Tanzanian shillings (TZS) per US dollar - 1,255 (2007),
  1,251.9 (2006), 1,128.93 (2005), 1,089.33 (2004), 1,038.42 (2003)

Thailand
  baht per US dollar - 33.599 (2007), 37.882 (2006), 40.22
  (2005), 40.222 (2004), 41.485 (2003)

Timor-Leste
  the US dollar is used

Togo
  Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
  482.71 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2
  (2003)
  note: since 1 January 1999, the XOF franc has been pegged to the
  euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF francs per euro

Tokelau
  New Zealand dollars (NZD) per US dollar - 1.3811 (2007),
  1.5408 (2006), 1.4203 (2005), 1.5087 (2004), 1.7221 (2003)

Tonga
  pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96
  (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003)

Trinidad and Tobago
  Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar
  - 6.3275 (2007), 6.3107 (2006), 6.2842 (2005), 6.299 (2004), 6.2951
  (2003)

Tunisia
  Tunisian dinars (TND) per US dollar - 1.2776 (2007), 1.331
  (2006), 1.2974 (2005), 1.2455 (2004), 1.2885 (2003)

Turkey
  Turkish liras (TRY) per US dollar - 1.319 (2007), 1.4286
  (2006), 1.3436 (2005), 1.4255 (2004), 1.5009 (2003)
  note: on 1 January 2005 the old Turkish lira (TRL) was converted to
  new Turkish lira (TRY) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 new Turkish
  lira

Turkmenistan
  Turkmen manat (TMM) per US dollar - 6,250 (2007)
  official rate
  note: the commercial rate was 19,800 Turkemen manat per US$ (2007)

Turks and Caicos Islands
  the US dollar is used

Tuvalu
  Tuvaluan dollars or Australian dollars (AUD) per US dollar -
  1.2137 (2007), 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419
  (2003)

Uganda
  Ugandan shillings (UGX) per US dollar - 1,685.8 (2007),
  1,834.9 (2006), 1,780.7 (2005), 1,810.3 (2004), 1,963.7 (2003)

Ukraine
  hryvnia (UAH) per US dollar - 5.05 (2007), 5.05 (2006),
  5.1247 (2005), 5.3192 (2004), 5.3327 (2003)

United Arab Emirates
  Emirati dirhams (AED) per US dollar - 3.673
  (2007), 3.673 (2006), 3.6725 (2005), 3.6725 (2004), 3.6725 (2003)
  note: officially pegged to the US dollar since February 2002

United Kingdom
  British pounds (GBP) per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007),
  0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)

United States
  British pounds per US dollar: 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418
  (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
  Canadian dollars per US dollar: 1.0724 (2007), 1.1334 (2006), 1.2118
  (2005), 1.3010 (2004), 1.4011 (2003)
  Japanese yen per US dollar: 117.99 (2007), 116.18 (2006) 110.22
  (2005), 108.19 (2004), 115.93 (2003)
  euros per US dollar: 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005),
  0.8054 (2004), 0.8860 (2003)
  Chinese yuan per US dollar: 7.61 (2007), 7.97 (2006), 8.1943 (2005),
  8.2768 (2004), 8.2770 (2003)

Uruguay
  Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - 23.947 (2007), 24.048
  (2006), 24.479 (2005), 28.704 (2004), 28.209 (2003)

Uzbekistan
  Uzbekistani soum (UZS) per US dollar - 1,263.8 (2007),
  1,219.8 (2006), 1,020 (2005), 971.265 (2004), 771.029 (2003)

Vanuatu
  vatu (VUV) per US dollar - NA (2007), 111.93 (2006), NA
  (2005), 111.79 (2004), 122.19 (2003)

Venezuela
  bolivars (VEB) per US dollar - 2,147 (2007), 2,147 (2006),
  2,089.8 (2005), 1,891.3 (2004), 1,607 (2003)
  note: On 1 January 2008 Venezuela revalued its currency with 1000
  old bolivares equal to 1 new bolivar

Vietnam
  dong (VND) per US dollar - 16,119 (2007), 15,983 (2006),
  15,746 (2005), NA (2004), 15,510 (2003)

Virgin Islands
  the US dollar is used

Wallis and Futuna
  Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per
  US dollar - NA (2007), 95.03 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004),
  105.66 (2003)

West Bank
  new Israeli shekels (ILS) per US dollar - 4.14 (2007),
  4.4565 (2006), 4.4877 (2005), 4.482 (2004), 4.5541 (2003)

Western Sahara
  Moroccan dirhams (MAD) per US dollar - 8.3563 (2007),
  8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003)

Yemen
  Yemeni rials (YER) per US dollar - 199.14 (2007), 197.18
  (2006), 192.67 (2005), 184.78 (2004), 183.45 (2003)

Zambia
  Zambian kwacha (ZMK) per US dollar - 3,990.2 (2007), 3,601.5
  (2006), 4,463.5 (2005), 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003)

Zimbabwe
  Zimbabwean dollars (ZWD) per US dollar - 30,000 (2007),
  162.07 (2006), 77.965 (2005), 5.729 (2004), 0.824 (2003)
  note: these are official exchange rates; non-official rates vary
  significantly

This page was last updated on 18 December 2008

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@2077 Executive branch

Afghanistan
  chief of state: President of the Islamic Republic of
  Afghanistan Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); Vice Presidents
  Ahmad Zia MASOOD and Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004);
  note - the president is both the chief of state and head of
  government; former King ZAHIR Shah held the honorific, "Father of
  the Country," and presided symbolically over certain occasions but
  lacked any governing authority; the honorific is not hereditary;
  King ZAHIR Shah died on 23 July 2007
  head of government: President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
  Hamid KARZAI (since 7 December 2004); Vice Presidents Ahmad Zia
  MASOOD and Abdul Karim KHALILI (since 7 December 2004)
  cabinet: 25 ministers; note - under the new constitution, ministers
  are appointed by the president and approved by the National Assembly
  elections: the president and two vice presidents are elected by
  direct vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); if no
  candidate receives 50% or more of the vote in the first round of
  voting, the two candidates with the most votes will participate in a
  second round; a president can only be elected for two terms;
  election last held 9 October 2004 (next to be held in 2009)
  election results: Hamid KARZAI elected president; percent of vote -
  Hamid KARZAI 55.4%, Yunus QANUNI 16.3%, Ustad Mohammad MOHAQQEQ
  11.6%, Abdul Rashid DOSTAM 10.0%, Abdul Latif PEDRAM 1.4%, Masooda
  JALAL 1.2%

Akrotiri
  chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
  head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY
  (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of
  Defense
  elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is
  appointed by the monarch

Albania
  chief of state: President of the Republic Bamir TOPI (since
  24 July 2007)
  head of government: Prime Minister Sali BERISHA (since 10 September
  2005)
  cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister,
  nominated by the president, and approved by parliament
  elections: president elected by the People's Assembly for a
  five-year term (eligible for a second term); four election rounds
  held between 8 and 20 July 2007 (next election to be held in 2012);
  prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Bamir TOPI elected president; People's Assembly
  vote, fourth round (three-fifths majority (84 votes) required):
  Bamir TOPI 85 votes, Neritan CEKA 5 votes

Algeria
  chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since 28
  April 1999)
  head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHIA (since 23 June 2008)
  cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
  elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term
  (eligible for a third term under 2008 amendment to constitution);
  election last held 8 April 2004 (next to be held in April 2009);
  prime minister appointed by the president
  election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA reelected president for
  second term; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA 85%, Ali BENFLIS
  6.4%, Abdellah DJABALLAH 5%

American Samoa
  chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US
  (since 20 January 2001); Vice President