William Congreve’s comedy The Way of the World was first performed in 1700 at the theatre in Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London. It was not well received, and as a result Congreve vowed never to write for the stage again—a vow he kept. Nonetheless the comedy was printed in the same year and has come to be regarded as the author’s masterpiece, a classic of Restoration drama.
In a world still reacting against the puritanism of Cromwell and the Commonwealth, Restoration drama had slowly transitioned from celebrating the licentiousness and opulence of the newly returned court to the more thoughtful and refined comedy of manners that was to dominate the English stage of 18th century. In one way Congreve’s The Way of the World is the last (and best) of its type, and in another way, it is the forerunner of a style that is echoed even now.
The play centers on the love affair of Mirabell and Millamant who are prevented from marrying by a number of obstacles, not the least of which is Mirabell’s past dalliance with Millamant’s aunt’s affections. Intricate, witty, and amusing, the comedy nevertheless concludes with no clear heroes or heroines—one of the things that makes it such an incisive portrait of human experience and an enduring example of its type.
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a coach would speak with him.
Fainall
O brave Petulant! Three!
Betty
I’ll tell him.
Coachman
You must bring two dishes of chocolate and a glass of cinnamon water.18
Exeunt Betty and Coachman.
Witwoud
That should be for two fasting strumpets, and a bawd troubled with wind. Now you may know what the three are.
Mirabell
You are very free with your friend’s acquaintance.
Witwoud
Aye, aye, friendship without freedom is as dull as love without enjoyment or wine without toasting: but to tell you a secret, these are trulls whom he allows coach-hire, and something more by the week, to call on him once a day at public places.
Mirabell
How!
Witwoud
You shall see he won’t go to ’em because there’s no more company here to take notice of him. Why, this is nothing to what he used to do:—before he found out this way, I have known him call for himself—
Fainall
Call for himself? What dost thou mean?
Witwoud
Mean! Why he would slip you out of this chocolate-house,19 just when you had been talking to him. As soon as your back was turned—whip he was gone; then trip to his lodging, clap on a hood and scarf and a mask, slap into a hackney-coach, and drive hither to the door again in a trice; where he would send in for himself; that I mean, call for himself, wait for himself, nay, and what’s more, not finding himself, sometimes leave a letter for himself.
Mirabell
I confess this is something extraordinary. I believe he waits for himself now, he is so long a coming; oh, I ask his pardon.
Enter Petulant and Betty.
Betty
Sir, the coach stays.
Petulant
Well, well, I come. ’Sbud, a man had as good be a professed midwife as a professed whoremaster, at this rate! To be knocked up and raised at all hours, and in all places. Pox on ’em, I won’t come.—D’ye hear, tell ’em I won’t come.—Let ’em snivel and cry their hearts out.
Fainall
You are very cruel, Petulant.
Petulant
All’s one, let it pass. I have a humour to be cruel.
Mirabell
I hope they are not persons of condition that you use at this rate.
Petulant
Condition? Condition’s a dried fig, if I am not in humour. By this hand, if they were your—a—a—your what-d’ye-call-’ems themselves, they must wait or rub off, if I want appetite.
Mirabell
What-d’ye-call-’ems! What are they, Witwoud?
Witwoud
Empresses, my dear. By your what-d’ye-call-’ems he means sultana queens.
Petulant
Aye, Roxolanas.
Mirabell
Cry you mercy.
Fainall
Witwoud says they are—
Petulant
What does he say th’are?
Witwoud
I? Fine ladies, I say.
Petulant
Pass on, Witwoud. Harkee, by this light, his relations: two co-heiresses his cousins, and an old aunt, who loves caterwauling better than a conventicle.
Witwoud
Ha, ha, ha! I had a mind to see how the rogue would come off. Ha, ha, ha! Gad, I can’t be angry with him, if he had said they were my mother and my sisters.
Mirabell
No?
Witwoud
No; the rogue’s wit and readiness of invention charm me, dear Petulant.
Betty
They are gone, sir, in great anger.
Petulant
Enough, let ’em trundle. Anger helps complexion, saves paint.
Fainall
This continence is all dissembled; this is in order to have something to brag of the next time he makes court to Millamant, and swear he has abandoned the whole sex for her sake.
Mirabell
Have you not left off your impudent pretensions there yet? I shall cut your throat, sometime or other, Petulant, about that business.
Petulant
Aye, aye, let that pass. There are other throats to be cut.
Mirabell
Meaning mine, sir?
Petulant
Not I—I mean nobody—I know nothing. But there are uncles and nephews in the world—and they may be rivals. What then? All’s one for that.
Mirabell
How? Harkee, Petulant, come hither—explain, or I shall call your interpreter.
Petulant
Explain? I know nothing. Why, you have an uncle, have you not, lately come to town, and lodges by my Lady Wishfort’s?
Mirabell
True.
Petulant
Why, that’s enough—you and he are not friends; and if he should marry and have a child, yon may be disinherited, ha?
Mirabell
Where hast thou stumbled upon all this truth?
Petulant
All’s one for that; why, then, say I know something.
Mirabell
Come, thou art an honest fellow, Petulant, and shalt make love to my mistress, thou shalt, faith. What hast thou heard of my uncle?
Petulant
I? Nothing, I. If throats are to be cut, let swords clash. Snug’s the word; I shrug and am silent.
Mirabell
Oh, raillery, raillery! Come, I know thou art in the women’s secrets.—What, you’re a cabalist; I know you stayed at Millamant’s last night after I went. Was there any mention made of my uncle or me? Tell me; if thou hadst but good nature equal to thy wit, Petulant, Tony Witwoud, who is now thy competitor in fame, would show as dim by thee as a dead whiting’s eye by a pearl of orient; he would no more be seen by thee than Mercury is by the sun: come, I’m sure thou wo’t tell me.20
Petulant
If I do, will you grant me common sense, then, for the future?
Mirabell
Faith, I’ll do what I can for thee, and I’ll pray that Heavan may grant it thee in the meantime.
Petulant
Well, hark’ee.
Mirabell and Petulant talk apart.
Fainall
Petulant and you both will find Mirabell as warm a rival as a lover.
Witwoud
Pshaw, pshaw, that she laughs at Petulant is plain. And for my part, but that it is almost a fashion to admire her, I should—hark’ee—to tell you a secret, but let it go no further between friends, I shall never break my heart for her.
Fainall
How!
Witwoud
She’s handsome; but she’s a sort of an uncertain woman.
Fainall
I thought you had died for her.
Witwoud
Umh—no—
Fainall
She has wit.
Witwoud
’Tis what she will hardly allow anybody else. Now, demme, I should hate that, if she were as handsome as Cleopatra. Mirabell is not so sure of her as he thinks for.
Fainall
Why do you think so?
Witwoud
We stayed pretty late there last night, and
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