William Congreveโs comedy The Way of the World was first performed in 1700 at the theatre in Lincolnโs Inn Fields, London. It was not well received, and as a result Congreve vowed never to write for the stage againโa vow he kept. Nonetheless the comedy was printed in the same year and has come to be regarded as the authorโs masterpiece, a classic of Restoration drama.
In a world still reacting against the puritanism of Cromwell and the Commonwealth, Restoration drama had slowly transitioned from celebrating the licentiousness and opulence of the newly returned court to the more thoughtful and refined comedy of manners that was to dominate the English stage of 18th century. In one way Congreveโs The Way of the World is the last (and best) of its type, and in another way, it is the forerunner of a style that is echoed even now.
The play centers on the love affair of Mirabell and Millamant who are prevented from marrying by a number of obstacles, not the least of which is Mirabellโs past dalliance with Millamantโs auntโs affections. Intricate, witty, and amusing, the comedy nevertheless concludes with no clear heroes or heroinesโone of the things that makes it such an incisive portrait of human experience and an enduring example of its type.
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would have him ever to continue upon the rack of fear and jealousy.
Mrs. Fainall
Ingenious mischief! Would thou wert married to Mirabell.
Mrs. Marwood
Would I were.
Mrs. Fainall
You change colour.
Mrs. Marwood
Because I hate him.
Mrs. Fainall
So do I; but I can hear him named. But what reason have you to hate him in particular?
Mrs. Marwood
I never loved him; he is, and always was, insufferably proud.
Mrs. Fainall
By the reason you give for your aversion, one would think it dissembled; for you have laid a fault to his charge, of which his enemies must acquit him.
Mrs. Marwood
Oh, then it seems you are one of his favourable enemies! Methinks you look a little pale, and now you flush again.
Mrs. Fainall
Do I? I think I am a little sick oโ the sudden.
Mrs. Marwood
What ails you?
Mrs. Fainall
My husband. Donโt you see him? He turned short upon me unawares, and has almost overcome me.
Enter Fainall and Mirabell.
Mrs. Marwood
Ha, ha, ha! He comes opportunely for you.
Mrs. Fainall
For you, for he has brought Mirabell with him.
Fainall
My dear!
Mrs. Fainall
My soul!
Fainall
You donโt look well today, child.
Mrs. Fainall
Dโye think so?
Mirabell
He is the only man that does, madam.
Mrs. Fainall
The only man that would tell me so at least, and the only man from whom I could hear it without mortification.
Fainall
Oh, my dear, I am satisfied of your tenderness; I know you cannot resent anything from me; especially what is an effect of my concern.
Mrs. Fainall
Mr. Mirabell, my mother interrupted you in a pleasant relation last night: I would fain hear it out.
Mirabell
The persons concerned in that affair have yet a tolerable reputation.โ โI am afraid Mr. Fainall will be censorious.
Mrs. Fainall
He has a humour more prevailing than his curiosity, and will willingly dispense with the hearing of one scandalous story, to avoid giving an occasion to make another by being seen to walk with his wife. This way, Mr. Mirabell, and I dare promise you will oblige us both.
Exeunt Mrs. Fainall and Mirabell.
Fainall
Excellent creature! Well, sure, if I should live to be rid of my wife, I should be a miserable man.
Mrs. Marwood
Aye?
Fainall
For having only that one hope, the accomplishment of it of consequence must put an end to all my hopes, and what a wretch is he who must survive his hopes! Nothing remains when that day comes but to sit down and weep like Alexander when he wanted other worlds to conquer.
Mrs. Marwood
Will you not follow โem?
Fainall
Faith, I think not,
Mrs. Marwood
Pray let us; I have a reason.
Fainall
You are not jealous?
Mrs. Marwood
Of whom?
Fainall
Of Mirabell.
Mrs. Marwood
If I am, is it inconsistent with my love to you that I am tender of your honour?
Fainall
You would intimate then, as if there were a fellow-feeling between my wife and him?
Mrs. Marwood
I think she does not hate him to that degree she would be thought.
Fainall
But he, I fear, is too insensible.
Mrs. Marwood
It may be you are deceived.
Fainall
It may be so. I do not now begin to apprehend it.
Mrs. Marwood
What?
Fainall
That I have been deceived, madam, and you are false.
Mrs. Marwood
That I am false? What mean you?
Fainall
To let you know I see through all your little arts.โ โCome, you both love him, and both have equally dissembled your aversion. Your mutual jealousies of one another have made you clash till you have both struck fire. I have seen the warm confession reddening on your cheeks, and sparkling from your eyes.
Mrs. Marwood
You do me wrong.
Fainall
I do not. โTwas for my ease to oversee and wilfully neglect the gross advances made him by my wife, that by permitting her to be engaged, I might continue unsuspected in my pleasures, and take you oftener to my arms in full security. But could you think, because the nodding husband would not wake, that eโer the watchful lover slept?
Mrs. Marwood
And wherewithal can you reproach me?
Fainall
With infidelity, with loving another, with love of Mirabell.
Mrs. Marwood
โTis false. I challenge you to show an instance that can confirm your groundless accusation. I hate him.
Fainall
And wherefore do you hate him? He is insensible, and your resentment follows his neglect. An instance? The injuries you have done him are a proof: your interposing in his love. What cause had you to make discoveries of his pretended passion? To undeceive the credulous aunt, and be the officious obstacle of his match with Millamant?
Mrs. Marwood
My obligations to my lady urged me: I had professed a friendship to her, and could not see her easy nature so abused by that dissembler.
Fainall
What, was it conscience then? Professed a friendship! Oh, the pious friendships of the female sex!
Mrs. Marwood
More tender, more sincere, and more enduring, than all the vain and empty vows of men, whether professing love to us or mutual faith to one another.
Fainall
Ha, ha, ha! yyu are my wifeโs friend too.
Mrs. Marwood
Shame and ingratitude! Do you reproach me? You, you upbraid me? Have I been false to her, through strict fidelity to you, and sacrificed my friendship to keep my love inviolate? And have you the baseness to charge me with the guilt, unmindful of the merit? To you it should be meritorious that I have been vicious. And do you reflect that guilt upon me which should lie buried in your bosom?
Fainall
You misinterpret my reproof. I meant but to remind you of the slight account you once could make of strictest ties when set in competition with your love to me.
Mrs. Marwood
โTis false, you urged it with deliberate malice. โTwas spoke in scorn, and I never will forgive it.
Fainall
Your guilt, not your resentment, begets your rage. If yet you loved, you could forgive a jealousy: but you are stung to find you are discovered.
Mrs. Marwood
It shall be all discovered. You too shall be discovered; be sure you shall. I can but be exposed. If I do it myself I shall prevent your baseness.
Fainall
Why, what will you do?
Mrs. Marwood
Disclose it to your wife; own what has past between us.
Fainall
Frenzy!
Mrs. Marwood
By all my wrongs Iโll doโt. Iโll publish to the world
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