Resurrection by Leo Tolstoy (best sci fi novels of all time TXT) đ
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Resurrection, the last full-length novel written by Leo Tolstoy, was published in 1899 after ten years in the making. A humanitarian causeâthe pacifist Doukhobor sect, persecuted by the Russian government, needed funds to emigrate to Canadaâprompted Tolstoy to finish the novel and dedicate its ensuing revenues to alleviate their plight. Ultimately, Tolstoyâs actions were credited with helping hundreds of Doukhobors emigrate to Canada.
The novel centers on the relationship between NekhlĂșdoff, a Russian landlord, and MĂĄslova, a prostitute whose life took a turn for the worse after NekhlĂșdoff wronged her ten years prior to the novelâs events. After NekhlĂșdoff happens to sit in the jury for a trial in which MĂĄslova is accused of poisoning a merchant, NekhlĂșdoff begins to understand the harm he has inflicted upon MĂĄslovaâand the harm that the Russian state and society inflicts upon the poor and marginalizedâas he embarks on a quest to alleviate MĂĄslovaâs suffering.
NekhlĂșdoffâs process of spiritual awakening in Resurrection serves as a framing for many of the novelâs religious and political themes, such as the hypocrisy of State Christianity and the injustice of the penal system, which were also the subject of Tolstoyâs nonfiction treatise on Christian anarchism, The Kingdom of God Is Within You. The novel also explores the âsingle taxâ economic theory propounded by the American economist Henry George, which drives a major subplot in the novel concerning the management of NekhlĂșdoffâs estates.
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- Author: Leo Tolstoy
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The girl with the prominent eyesâ âNekhlĂșdoff could not help watching herâ âwas standing opposite the sobbing mother, and was saying something to her in a soothing tone. The old man with the blue spectacles stood holding his daughterâs hand and nodding in answer to what she said. The young lovers rose, and, holding each otherâs hands, looked silently into one anotherâs eyes.
âThese are the only two who are merry,â said a young man with a short coat who stood by NekhlĂșdoffâs side, also looking at those who were about to part, and pointed to the lovers. Feeling NekhlĂșdoffâs and the young manâs eyes fixed on them, the loversâ âthe young man with the rubber coat and the pretty girlâ âstretched out their arms, and with their hands clasped in each otherâs, danced round and round again. âTonight they are going to be married here in prison, and she will follow him to Siberia,â said the young man.
âWhat is he?â
âA convict, condemned to penal servitude. Let those two at least have a little joy, or else it is too painful,â the young man added, listening to the sobs of the consumptive ladâs mother.
âNow, my good people! Please, please do not oblige me to have recourse to severe measures,â the inspector said, repeating the same words several times over. âDo, please,â he went on in a weak, hesitating manner. âIt is high time. What do you mean by it? This sort of thing is quite impossible. I am now asking you for the last time,â he repeated wearily, now putting out his cigarette and then lighting another.
It was evident that, artful, old, and common as were the devices enabling men to do evil to others without feeling responsible for it, the inspector could not but feel conscious that he was one of those who were guilty of causing the sorrow which manifested itself in this room. And it was apparent that this troubled him sorely. At length the prisoners and their visitors began to goâ âthe first out of the inner, the latter out of the outer door. The man with the rubber jacket passed out among them, and the consumptive youth and the dishevelled man. Mary PĂĄvlovna went out with the boy born in prison.
The visitors went out too. The old man with the blue spectacles, stepping heavily, went out, followed by NekhlĂșdoff.
âYes, a strange state of things this,â said the talkative young man, as if continuing an interrupted conversation, as he descended the stairs side by side with NekhlĂșdoff. âYet we have reason to be grateful to the inspector who does not keep strictly to the rules, kindhearted fellow. If they can get a talk it does relieve their hearts a bit, after all!â
While talking to the young man, who introduced himself as MedĂnzeff, NekhlĂșdoff reached the hall. There the inspector came up to them with weary step.
âIf you wish to see MĂĄslova,â he said, apparently desiring to be polite to NekhlĂșdoff, âplease come tomorrow.â
âVery well,â answered NekhlĂșdoff, and hurried away, experiencing more than ever that sensation of moral nausea which he always felt on entering the prison.
The sufferings of the evidently innocent MenshĂłff seemed terrible, and not so much his physical suffering as the perplexity, the distrust in the good and in God which he must feel, seeing the cruelty of the people who tormented him without any reason.
Terrible were the disgrace and sufferings cast on these hundreds of guiltless people simply because something was not written on paper as it should have been. Terrible were the brutalised jailers, whose occupation is to torment their brothers, and who were certain that they were fulfilling an important and useful duty; but most terrible of all seemed this sickly, elderly, kindhearted inspector, who was obliged to part mother and son, father and daughter, who were just the same sort of people as he and his own children.
âWhat is it all for?â NekhlĂșdoff asked himself, and could not find an answer.
LVIIThe next day NekhlĂșdoff went to see the advocate, and spoke to him about the MenshĂłffsâ case, begging him to undertake their defence. The advocate promised to look into the case, and if it turned out to be as NekhlĂșdoff said he would in all probability undertake the defence free of charge. Then NekhlĂșdoff told him of the 130 men who were kept in prison owing to a mistake. âOn whom did it depend? Whose fault was it?â
The advocate was silent for a moment, evidently anxious to give a correct reply.
âWhose fault is it? No oneâs,â he said, decidedly. âAsk the Procureur, heâll say it is the Governorâs; ask the Governor, heâll say it is the Procureurâs fault. No one is in fault.â
âI am just going to see the Vice-Governor. I shall tell him.â
âOh, thatâs quite useless,â said the advocate, with a smile. âHe is such aâ âhe is not a relation or friend of yours?â âsuch a blockhead, if I may say so, and yet a crafty animal at the same time.â
NekhlĂșdoff remembered what MĂĄslennikoff had said about the advocate, and did not answer, but took leave and went on to MĂĄslennikoffâs. He had to ask MĂĄslennikoff two things: about MĂĄslovaâs removal to the prison hospital, and about the 130 passportless men innocently imprisoned. Though it was very hard to petition a man whom he did not respect, and by whose orders men were flogged, yet it was the only means of gaining his end, and he had to go through with it.
As he drove up to MĂĄslennikoffâs house NekhlĂșdoff saw a number of different carriages by the front door, and remembered that it was MĂĄslennikoffâs wifeâs
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