The Country Wife was first performed in January 1672 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. It traces several plot lines, the principle of which follows notorious rake Harry Horner’s attempt to carry on affairs by spreading a rumor that he was now a eunuch and no longer a threat to any man’s wife. It was controversial for its sexual explicitness even in its own time, having several notorious scenes filled with extended sexual innuendo and women carousing, singing riotous songs, and behaving exactly like their male counterparts.
With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 the eighteen year ban on theater imposed by the Puritans was lifted. Charles II’s time in France had nurtured a fascination with the stage and, with his enthusiastic support, Restoration drama was soon once again a thriving part of the London culture—but it provided a completely different experience from Jacobean theater.
Christopher Wren’s newly built Theatre Royal provided a modern stage that accommodated innovations in scenic design and created a new relationship between actors and the audience. Another novelty, imported from France, was the presence of women on stage for the first time in British history. Restoration audiences were fascinated and often aghast to see real women perform, matching their male counterparts both in their wit and use of double entendre.
William Wycherley had spent some of the Commonwealth years in France and become interested in French drama. Borrowing extensively from Molière and others, he wrote several plays for this new theater, with his last two comedies, The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer, being the most famous. At the time, The Country Wife was considered the bawdiest and wittiest play yet seen on the English stage. It enjoyed popularity throughout the period but, as mores shifted and became more strict, the play was eventually considered too outrageous to be performed at all and between 1753 and 1924 was generally replaced on the stage by David Garrick’s cleaned-up, bland version.
mistress! Aside.
Harcourt
Sir, you are so beyond expectation obliging, that—
Sparkish
Nay, egad, I am sure you do admire her extremely; I see’t in your eyes.—He does admire you, madam.—By the world, don’t you?
Harcourt
Yes, above the world, or the most glorious part of it, her whole sex: and till now I never thought I should have envied you, or any man about to marry, but you have the best excuse for marriage I ever knew.
Alithea
Nay, now, sir, I’m satisfied you are of the society of the wits and raillieurs, since you cannot spare your friend, even when he is but too civil to you; but the surest sign is, since you are an enemy to marriage—for that I hear you hate as much as business or bad wine.
Harcourt
Truly, madam, I was never an enemy to marriage till now, because marriage was never an enemy to me before.
Alithea
But why, sir, is marriage an enemy to you now? because it robs you of your friend here? for you look upon a friend married, as one gone into a monastery, that is, dead to the world.
Harcourt
’Tis indeed, because you marry him; I see, madam, you can guess my meaning. I do confess heartily and openly, I wish it were in my power to break the match; by Heavens I would.
Sparkish
Poor Frank!
Alithea
Would you be so unkind to me?
Harcourt
No, no, ’tis not because I would be unkind to you.
Sparkish
Poor Frank! no gad, ’tis only his kindness to me.
Pinchwife
Great kindness to you indeed! Insensible fop, let a man make love to his wife to his face! Aside.
Sparkish
Come, dear Frank, for all my wife there, that shall be, thou shalt enjoy me sometimes, dear rogue. By my honour, we men of wit condole for our deceased brother in marriage, as much as for one dead in earnest: I think that was prettily said of me, ha, Harcourt?—But come, Frank, be not melancholy for me.
Harcourt
No, I assure you, I am not melancholy for you.
Sparkish
Prithee, Frank, dost think my wife that shall be there, a fine person?
Harcourt
I could gaze upon her till I became as blind as you are.
Sparkish
How as I am? how?
Harcourt
Because you are a lover, and true lovers are blind, stock blind.
Sparkish
True, true; but by the world she has wit too, as well as beauty: go, go with her into a corner, and try if she has wit; talk to her anything, she’s bashful before me.
Harcourt
Indeed if a woman wants wit in a corner, she has it nowhere.
Alithea
Sir, you dispose of me a little before your time—Aside to Sparkish.
Sparkish
Nay, nay, madam, let me have an earnest of your obedience, or—go, go, madam—Harcourt courts Alithea aside.
Pinchwife
How, sir! if you are not concerned for the honour of a wife, I am for that of a sister; he shall not debauch her. Be a pander to your own wife! bring men to her! let ’em make love before your face! thrust ’em into a corner together, then leave ’em in private! is this your town wit and conduct?
Sparkish
Ha! ha! ha! a silly wise rogue would make one laugh more than a stark fool, ha! ha! I shall burst. Nay, you shall not disturb ’em; I’ll vex thee, by the world. Struggles with Pinchwife to keep him from Harcourt and Alithea.
Alithea
The writings are drawn, sir, settlements made; ’tis too late, sir, and past all revocation.
Harcourt
Then so is my death.
Alithea
I would not be unjust to him.
Harcourt
Then why to me so?
Alithea
I have no obligation to you.
Harcourt
My love.
Alithea
I had his before.
Harcourt
You never had it; he wants, you see, jealousy, the only infallible sign of it.
Alithea
Love proceeds from esteem; he cannot distrust my virtue: besides, he loves me, or he would not marry me.
Harcourt
Marrying you is no more sign of his love than bribing your woman, that he may marry you, is a sign of his generosity. Marriage is rather a sign of interest than love; and he that marries a fortune covets a mistress, not loves her. But if you take marriage for a sign of love, take it from me immediately.
Alithea
No, now you have put a scruple in my head; but in short, sir, to end our dispute, I must marry him, my reputation would suffer in the world else.
Harcourt
No; if you do marry him, with your pardon, madam, your reputation suffers in the world, and you would be thought in necessity for a cloak.
Alithea
Nay, now you are rude, sir.—Mr. Sparkish, pray come hither, your friend here is very troublesome, and very loving.
Harcourt
Hold! hold!—Aside to Alithea.
Pinchwife
D’ye hear that?
Sparkish
Why, d’ye think I’ll seem to be jealous, like a country bumpkin?
Pinchwife
No, rather be a cuckold, like a credulous cit.
Harcourt
Madam, you would not have been so little generous as to have told him.
Alithea
Yes, since you could be so little generous as to wrong him.
Harcourt
Wrong him! no man can do’t, he’s beneath an injury: a bubble, a coward, a senseless idiot, a wretch so contemptible to all the world but you, that—
Alithea
Hold, do not rail at him, for since he is like to be my husband, I am resolved to like him: nay, I think I am obliged to tell him you are not his friend.—Master Sparkish, Master Sparkish!
Sparkish
What, what?—To Harcourt. Now, dear rogue, has not she wit?
Harcourt
Not so much as I thought, and hoped she had. Speaks surlily.
Alithea
Mr. Sparkish, do you bring people to rail at you?
Harcourt
Madam—
Sparkish
How! no; but if he does rail at me, ’tis but in jest, I warrant: what we wits do for one another, and never take any notice of it.
Alithea
He spoke so scurrilously of you, I had no patience to hear him; besides, he has been making love to me.
Harcourt
True, damned telltale woman! Aside.
Sparkish
Pshaw! to show
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