Resurrection by Leo Tolstoy (best sci fi novels of all time TXT) đ
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Resurrection, the last full-length novel written by Leo Tolstoy, was published in 1899 after ten years in the making. A humanitarian causeâthe pacifist Doukhobor sect, persecuted by the Russian government, needed funds to emigrate to Canadaâprompted Tolstoy to finish the novel and dedicate its ensuing revenues to alleviate their plight. Ultimately, Tolstoyâs actions were credited with helping hundreds of Doukhobors emigrate to Canada.
The novel centers on the relationship between NekhlĂșdoff, a Russian landlord, and MĂĄslova, a prostitute whose life took a turn for the worse after NekhlĂșdoff wronged her ten years prior to the novelâs events. After NekhlĂșdoff happens to sit in the jury for a trial in which MĂĄslova is accused of poisoning a merchant, NekhlĂșdoff begins to understand the harm he has inflicted upon MĂĄslovaâand the harm that the Russian state and society inflicts upon the poor and marginalizedâas he embarks on a quest to alleviate MĂĄslovaâs suffering.
NekhlĂșdoffâs process of spiritual awakening in Resurrection serves as a framing for many of the novelâs religious and political themes, such as the hypocrisy of State Christianity and the injustice of the penal system, which were also the subject of Tolstoyâs nonfiction treatise on Christian anarchism, The Kingdom of God Is Within You. The novel also explores the âsingle taxâ economic theory propounded by the American economist Henry George, which drives a major subplot in the novel concerning the management of NekhlĂșdoffâs estates.
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- Author: Leo Tolstoy
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âNothing more?â
âWhat more do you want? Weâll also have a little milk,â said the old woman, looking towards the door. The door stood open, and the passage outside was full of peopleâ âboys, girls, women with babiesâ âthronged together to look at the strange gentleman who wanted to see the peasantsâ food. The old woman seemed to pride herself on the way she behaved with a gentleman.
âYes, itâs a miserable life, ours; that goes without saying, sir,â said the old man. âWhat are you doing there?â he shouted to those in the passage. âWell, goodbye,â said NekhlĂșdoff, feeling ashamed and uneasy, though unable to account for the feeling.
âThank you kindly for having looked us up,â said the old man.
The people in the passage pressed closer together to let NekhlĂșdoff pass, and he went out and continued his way up the street.
Two barefooted boys followed him out of the passage the elder in a shirt that had once been white, the other in a worn and faded pink one. NekhlĂșdoff looked back at them.
âAnd where are you going now?â asked the boy with the white shirt. NekhlĂșdoff answered: âTo MatrĂłna KhĂĄrina. Do you know her?â The boy with the pink shirt began laughing at something; but the elder asked, seriously:
âWhat MatrĂłna is that? Is she old?â
âYes, she is old.â
âOhâ âoh,â he drawled; âthat one; sheâs at the other end of the village; weâll show you. Yes, FĂ©dka, weâll go with him. Shall we?â
âYes, but the horses?â
âTheyâll be all right, I dare say.â
FĂ©dka agreed, and all three went up the street.
VNekhlĂșdoff felt more at ease with the boys than with the grown-up people, and he began talking to them as they went along. The little one with the pink shirt stopped laughing, and spoke as sensibly and as exactly as the elder one.
âCan you tell me who are the poorest people you have got here?â asked NekhlĂșdoff.
âThe poorest? Michael is poor, Simon MakĂĄroff, and Martha, she is very poor.â
âAnd AnĂsia, she is still poorer; sheâs not even got a cow. They go begging,â said little FĂ©dka.
âSheâs not got a cow, but they are only three persons, and Marthaâs family are five,â objected the elder boy.
âBut the otherâs a widow,â the pink boy said, standing up for AnĂsia.
âYou say AnĂsia is a widow, and Martha is no better than a widow,â said the elder boy; âsheâs also no husband.â
âAnd where is her husband?â NekhlĂșdoff asked.
âFeeding vermin in prison,â said the elder boy, using this expression, common among the peasants.
âA year ago he cut down two birch trees in the landlordâs forest,â the little pink boy hurried to say, âso he was locked up; now heâs sitting the sixth month there, and the wife goes begging. There are three children and a sick grandmother,â he went on with his detailed account.
âAnd where does she live?â NekhlĂșdoff asked.
âIn this very house,â answered the boy, pointing to a hut, in front of which, on the footpath along which NekhlĂșdoff was walking, a tiny, flaxen-headed infant stood balancing himself with difficulty on his rickety legs.
âVĂĄska! Whereâs the little scamp got to?â shouted a woman, with a dirty grey blouse, and a frightened look, as she ran out of the house, and, rushing forward, seized the baby before NekhlĂșdoff came up to it, and carried it in, just as if she were afraid that NekhlĂșdoff would hurt her child.
This was the woman whose husband was imprisoned for NekhlĂșdoffâs birch trees.
âWell, and this MatrĂłna, is she also poor?â NekhlĂșdoff asked, as they came up to MatrĂłnaâs house.
âShe poor? No. Why, she sells spirits,â the thin, pink little boy answered decidedly.
When they reached the house NekhlĂșdoff left the boys outside and went through the passage into the hut. The hut was fourteen feet long. The bed that stood behind the big stove was not long enough for a tall person to stretch out on. âAnd on this very bed,â NekhlĂșdoff thought, âKatĂșsha bore her baby and lay ill afterwards.â The greater part of the hut was taken up by a loom, on which the old woman and her eldest granddaughter were arranging the warp when NekhlĂșdoff came in, striking his forehead against the low doorway. Two other grandchildren came rushing in after NekhlĂșdoff, and stopped, holding on to the lintels of the door.
âWhom do you want?â asked the old woman, crossly. She was in a bad temper because she could not manage to get the warp right, and, besides, carrying on an illicit trade in spirits, she was always afraid when any stranger came in.
âI amâ âthe owner of the neighbouring estates, and should like to speak to you.â
âDear me; why, itâs you, my honey; and I, fool, thought it was just some passerby. Dear me, youâ âitâs you, my precious,â said the old woman, with simulated tenderness in her voice.
âI should like to speak to you alone,â said NekhlĂșdoff, with a glance towards the door, where the children were standing, and behind them a woman holding a wasted, pale baby, with a sickly smile on its face, who had a little cap made of different bits of stuff on its head.
âWhat are you staring at? Iâll give it you. Just hand me my crutch,â the old woman shouted to those at the door.
âShut the door, will you!â The children went away, and the woman closed the door.
âAnd I was thinking, whoâs that? And itâs âthe masterâ himself. My jewel, my treasure. Just think,â said the old woman, âwhere he has deigned to come. Sit down here, your honour,â she said, wiping the seat with her apron. âAnd I was thinking what devil is it coming in, and itâs your honour, âthe masterâ himself, the good gentleman, our benefactor. Forgive me, old fool that
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