The Grammar of English Grammars by Goold Brown (free ebook reader .txt) 📕

Synæresis, explained.

Synchysis, what was so termed by some of the ancients; is different from hyperbaton; its import in gram.; its literal signif.

Syncope, explained.

Synecdoche, (comprehension,) explained. —Synecd., agreem. of pron. with anteced., in cases of.

Synonymous, words so accounted, PREC. concerning the use of.

Syntactical parsing, see Parsing.

SYNTAX.
    —Synt., of what treats,
    —the relation of words, the most important principle of; defects of
      the grammars in treating of do.,
    —false exhibitions of grammarians with respect to the scope and parts
      of,
    —character of the rules of, found in most grammars,
    —divided by some grammarians into concord and governm., and yet
      treated by them without regard to such division,
    —common fault of grammarians, noticed, of joining together diff. parts
      of speech in the same rule of,
    —do., of making the rules of, double or triple in their form,
    —whether the principles of etymol. affect those of.
    —All synt., on what founded.
    —Why BROWN deemed it needful to add to his code of synt. a GENERAL
      RULE and CRITICAL NOTES. Figures of syntax.

T, name and plur. numb. of,
    —substitution of, for ed, how far allowable,
    —sounds of,
    —is seldom silent; in what words not sounded. Th, ([Greek: Th],
      [Greek: alt-th], or [Greek: alt2-th], Gr.,) what represents; how was
      represented in Anglo-Sax., and to what sounds applied; the two sounds
      of. To a Tee, the colloq. phrase, explained.

Tautology of expression or of sentiment, a fault opposed to precision.

Teacher, what should be his aim with respect to gram.

Technical terms, unnec. use of, as opposed to propriety. Technically, words and signs taken, how to be construed.

Tenses, term defined.
    —Tenses, the difierent, named and defined,
    —whether the names of, are approp., or whether they should be changed,
    —whether all express time with equal precision,
    —who reckon only three, and who two; who still differently and
      variously name their tenses,
    —Tenses, past and present, occurring together. See Present Tense,
      Imperf. Tense, &c.

Terminating a sentence with a prep. or other small particle

Terminations, of words, separated in syllabicat. —of verbs, numb. of different, in each tense —of the Eng. verb; DR. A. MURR. account of —tendency of the lang. to lay aside the least agreeable —usage of famil. discourse in respect to those of second pers. sing. —verbal or particip., how are found written in old books —the only reg. ones added to Eng. verbs; utterance of ed and edst —ed, participial, and n, verbal, WALK. on the contrac. of —Termination t, for ed, forced and irreg.

Terms of relation, see Relation. Tetrameter line, iambic, examples
of
    —a favorite with many Eng. writers; BUTL. Hudib., GAY'S Fab., and most
      of SCOTT'S poems, writt. in couplets of this meas.
    —admits the doub. rhyme adapted to familiar and burlesque style
    —trochaic, examples of
    —character of do.
    —EVERETT'S fanciful notions about do.
    —anapestic, examples of
    —L. HUNT'S "Feast of the Poets," an extended examp. of do.
    —dactylic, examples of

Than, as, with ellips. in latter term of comparison —character and import of —declinable words connected by, put in same case —Than WHOM, as Gr. genitive governed by comparat., MILT. —what grammarians have inferred from the phrase —MURR. expedient to dispose of do. —CHURCH. makes the rel. in do. "the obj. case absol.," —BROWN determines with respect to the construc. —Than, as demanded after else, other, &c., and Eng. comparatives —derivation of, from Goth. or Anglo-Sax.

That, its class determined
    —its various uses
    —as REL. PRONOUN, to what applied
    —as used in anomalous construc.,
    —its peculiarity of construc. as a relative
    —its especial use as the restrictive relative
    —the frequent employment of, by Addison, wrongly criticised by BLAIR
    —as a relative, in what cases more appropriate than who or which
    —That, ellipt., repeating the import of the preceding words, ("And
      THAT,"
    —[Greek: kai tauta],)
    —That, in the phrases in that, &c., how to be reckoned
    —That, as introducing a dependent clause, how to be ranked
    —as introducing a sent. made the subj. or obj. of a finite verb
    —its power at the head of a sent. or clause
    —its derivation

The, before the species, what may denote —how commonly limits the sense —applied to nouns of either numb. —before what adjectives, required —distinctive use of ("The Psalmist") —as relating to comparatives and superlatives —used for poss. pron. —repetition of, how avoided —derivation of, from Sax. —pronunc. of e in. See also Definite Article.

Them, in vulg. use as an adj., for those

Thence, &c., with from prefixed, whether allowable

There, introductory and idiomatic, notions of grammarians concerning; its posit. and use; is a regular adv. of place, and not "without signification," —derivation of, from Anglo-Sax. —poet. omission of

They, put indefinitely for men or people

This and that, as explained by CHURCH. —placed before conjoint singulars, ("THIS POWER AND WILL do," &c.,) —in contrasted terms

Three stars, or asterism, use of

Time, the order and fitness of, to be observed in constructions
expressing it
    —nouns of, with adv. WHEN, as a special relative, following Time,
      measure, or weight, part made possessive of the whole, ("An
      HOUR'S time")
    —noun of, not poss., immediately before an other, ("A POUND
      WEIGHT,") Time, place, &c., the obj. case in expressions of, taken
      after the fashion of an adv. Time, measure, distance, or value,
      nouns of, their peculiarity of construc.; the parsing of Time, obj.
      noun of, qualifying a subsequent adj., ("A child OF ten years
      OLD,") Four times, five times, &c., how to be reckoned. TIMES,
      before an other noun, by way of MULTIPLICATION, the nature and
      construc. of, discussed; decision. Times, in what construc. may be
      called the objective of repetition, or of time repeated. Time
      in pronunciation, or quantity

Titles, of books, are printed in capitals
    —of office, &c., begin with do.
    —merely mentioned as such, are without art.
    —Name and TITLE, (see Proper Names.) Side-titles, use of dash
      in application to

Tmesis, explained

To, as governing infin. mood
    —do., variously explained by grammarians
    —is a sign of inf., but not a part of it
    —what BROWN claims for his RULE respecting the infin. as gov. by the
      prep. TO, &c.; he shows that the doctrine originated not with
      himself
    —TO and the verb, what FISHER (anno 1800) taught respecting; what,
      LOWTH, and what, absurdly, MURR., his copyist
    —To, as governing infin., traced from the Sax. to the Eng. of
      WICKL.,
    —To, before infin., evasive teachings of the later grammarians
      concerning its class and construc.
    —do., how considered by most Eng. grammarians
    —do., how proved to be a prep.
    —do., preceded by for, anc.
    —after what verbs, omitted,
    —whether to be repeated before infinitives in the same construe.
    —sometimes required, and sometimes excluded, after than or as
    —whether it may be separated from its verb by an adv.; is placed
      more elegantly AFTER an adv., ("PROPERLY TO respect,")
    —in what cases has no prop, antec. term of relat.
    —To suppressed and be inserted after MAKE, whether correctly
    —To, prep, or adv., from Anglo-Sax.
    —To, as prefix to noun, (to-day, to-night, to-morrow,).

Tones of the voice, what; why deserving of j particular attention —what denominated by SHERID.; what should be their character —BLAIR'S remark on; HIL. do. —Tones of the passions, WALK, observation on.

Topics, different, to be treated in separate paragraphs, PREC. of Unity.

Transposition, of the terms of relat., when a preposition begins or ends a sentence or clause —rhetorical, of words, or hyperbaton.

Tribrach, defined.

Trimeter line, iambic, the measure seldom used alone; examples of,
    —and do., with diversifications
    —trochaic, examples of
    —anapestic, examples of
    —alternated with the tetram., examp., "The Rose," of COWP.; the same
      scanned
    —dactylic, examples of. Triphthong, defined
    —proper, do., the only, in Eng.
    —improp., do.; and the improp. triphthongs named.

Trochaic verse, treated
    —Troch. verse, the stress in
    —nature of the single-rhymed; error of MURR. et al. concerning the
      last syll. in
    —how may be changed to coincide with other measures; how is affected
      by retrenchment
    —confounded with iambic by several gramm. and prosodists
    —Strictures on CHURCH., who doubts the existence of the troch. ord.
      of verse
    —Troch. verse shown in its eight measures
    —Trochaics, Eng., the TETRAMETER the most common meas. of
    —DR. CAMPB. on
    —"Trochaic of One foot," account of.

Trochee, or choree, defined.

Tropes, what figures of rhetoric are so called; signif. of the term.

Trow, its signif., and where occurs; in what person and tenses read.

Truisms and senseless remarks, how to be dealt with in gram.

Tutoyant, to what extent prevalent among the French. See Youyouing, &c.

Type or character, two forms of the letters in every kind of.

U, lett., which (as A, E, I, or O) names itself
    —its plur. numb.
    —sounds properly its own
    —as self-naming, to what equivalent; requires art. a, and not an,
      before it
    —pronounced with borrowed sound
    —long or diphthongal sound, as yu; sound of slender o or oo,
      after r or rh.

Unamendable imperfections sometimes found in ancient writings, remarks in relation to.

Unauthorized words, use of, as opposed to purity, PREC. concerning.

Unbecoming, adj., from participle compounded, error of using transitively words of this form; such error how corrected.

Uncertain, the part of speech left, see Equivocal, &c.

Unco-passive voice, or form, of the verb, ("Is being built,") the use
of. conflicts with the older and better usage of the lang.
    —the subject of, discussed by BROWN
    —the true principle with respect to, stated.

Underlining words, in preparing manuscripts, to denote Italics &c.

Understood, words said, in technical phrase, to be, what such, (Lat., subaudita)

Ungrammatical language by which grammar itself is professedly taught, sample from MURR.; from PINNEO; et al. e diversis, Gram. of E. Gram., passim.

Unity, as a quality of style, in what consists
    —required by every sentence
    —Precepts aiming at offences against. Unity, THE IDEA OF, how
      generally determined, in respect to a collect. noun, whether it
      conveys such idea or not.

Usage, as a law of orthography for particular words
    —Usage, as it has been, and as it is, the advantage of an exhibition
      of, by the grammarian.

Useless words, employment of, as opposed to precision.

UTTERANCE, treated —Utterance, what, and what includes.

V, name and plur. of: —written for a number: —sound of,

Value, &c., nouns of, see Time.

Verbal or participial noun, (see Participial, &c.)
    —Verbal forms used substantively, by poet pecul.

VERBS, Etymol. of; —Verb, defined: —why so called: —a perf. definition of, why difficult to form; —CHIEF TERMS, or PRINCIP. PARTS, of an Eng. verb, named and defined. —Verbs. Classes of, with respect to their FORM, named and defined: —do., with respect to their signif., do. —(See Active-Transitive Verb, &c.) Verbs, whole numb, of, in Eng.; the regular, far the most numerous; account of the others —how divided with respect to signif. in most grammars and dictionaries; BROWN'S division —divided by certain grammarians into act., pass., and neut. —MURR, on the distribution of —NIX. on do. —Verbs, in Lat., grammarians of old differed respecting the distribut. of —different methods of distribut. of, by several other authors, noticed —Verbs, most act., may be used either as trans. or as intrans. —some may be used either in an act. or a neut. sense —act. form of, used in a pass. sense; so also PART. in ing, ("The books continue SELLING") —Verbs, Modifications of, named —Moods of, named and defined; (see Infinitive Mood, Indic. Mood, &c.)