R.U.R., or Rossum’s Universal Robots is a play written in 1920 by Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who wrote many plays and novels, many of them with science-fiction and dystopian themes. R.U.R. is perhaps the most well-known of these works in the English-speaking world because it brought the word “robot” into the language. “Robot” is derived from the Czech word meaning “worker.”
The play is set in the island headquarters of the R.U.R. corporation. The corporation has been manufacturing artificial beings which resemble humans, but who are tireless workers. They can be mass-produced in large numbers and are being adopted as workers in many countries. In the first scene of the play, they are visited by a young woman, Helena Glory, who aspires to relieve the lot of the robots, who she sees as oppressed. However, in what must be the fastest seduction scene in all drama, she is wooed and agrees to marry Harry Domin, the factory manager, who she has just met. She still however aspires to improve the life of robots and find a way to give them souls. Ultimately, however, this admirable desire leads to disaster for humankind.
The play was translated into English, and slightly abridged, by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. This version quickly became popular with both British and American audiences and was well received by critics.
same ship’s returning to us. So here’s to luck. Drinks. Domin with great exuberance has gone out in the balcony and looks over the harbor.
Dr. Gall
Madame, your health. All drink.
Hallemeier
That’s fine and strong.
Helena
Which ship did you mean?
Domin
Crosses down to C. Helena gives him his drink and she crosses to front of couch. Any ship will do, as long as it arrives in time. To the ship. Empties his glass.
Helena
You’ve been waiting for the ship? Sits on couch.
Hallemeier
Rather. Like Robinson Crusoe. Madame Helena, best wishes. Come along, Domin, out with the news. Gall has sat L. of L. C. table, drinking. Hallemeier back of table R. C.
Helena
Do tell me what’s happened?
Domin
First, it’s all up. He puts brandy glass on L. C. table. Hallemeier sits on table, upper end.
Helena
What’s up?
Domin
The revolt.
Helena
What revolt?
Domin
Give me that paper, Hallemeier. Hallemeier hands paper. Domin reads. “The first National Robot organization has been founded at Havre, and has issued an appeal to the Robots throughout the world.”
Helena
I read that.
Domin
That means a revolution. A revolution of all the Robots in the world.
Hallemeier
By Jove, I’d like to know—
Domin
C. Who started it? So would I. There was nobody in the world who could affect the Robots, no agitator, no one, and suddenly this happens, if you please.
Helena
What did they do?
Domin
They got possession of all firearms, telegraphs, radio stations, railways and ships.
Hallemeier
And don’t forget that these rascals outnumbered us by at least a thousand to one. A hundredth part of them would be enough to settle us.
Domin
Remember that this news was brought by the last steamer. That explains the stoppage of all communication, and the arrival of no more ships. We knocked off work a few days ago, and we’re just waiting to see when things are to start afresh.
Helena
Is that why you gave me a warship? Gall fills Domin’s glass.
Domin
Oh, no, my dear, I ordered that six months ago. Just to be sure I was on the safe side. But, upon my soul, I was sure then that we’d be on board today.
Helena
Why six months ago?
Domin
Well, there were signs, you know. But that’s of no consequence. Gets glass. To think that this week the whole of civilization has been at stake. Your health, my friends.
Hallemeier
Your health, Madame Helena. All drink to Helena.
Helena
You say it’s all over?
Domin
Absolutely.
Helena
How do you know?
Dr. Gall
The boat’s coming in. The regular mail boat, exact to the minute by the timetable. It will dock punctually at eleven-thirty.
Domin
Punctuality is a fine thing, my friends. That’s what keeps the world in order. Here’s to punctuality. Men drink.
Helena
Then—everything—is all right?
Domin
Up C. a step. Practically everything. I believe they’ve cut the cables and seized the radio station. But it doesn’t matter if only the timetable holds good. Up to window.
Hallemeier
Rises. If the timetable holds good, human laws hold good. Divine laws hold good, the laws of the universe hold good, everything holds good that ought to hold good. Gall applauds. The timetable is more significant than the gospel, more than Homer, more than the whole of Kant. Madame Helena, the timetable is the most perfect product of the human mind. Madame Helena, I’ll fill up my glass. Gall hands Hallemeier the decanter.
Helena
Why didn’t you tell me anything about it?
Dr. Gall
Heaven forbid.
Domin
You mustn’t be worried with such things. Glass on table R. C.; crosses to back of couch.
Helena
But if the revolution had spread as far as here?
Domin
You wouldn’t know anything about it.
Helena
Why?
Domin
Because we’d be on board your Ultimus and well out at sea. Within a month, Helena, we’d be dictating our own terms to the Robots.
Helena
I don’t understand.
Domin
Crosses to C. toward Gall and Hallemeier. We’d take something with us that the Robots could not exist without!
Helena
What, Harry?
Domin
Turns to Hallemeier. The secret of their manufacture. Old Rossum’s manuscript. As soon as they found out that they couldn’t make themselves they’d be on their knees to us.
Dr. Gall
Rises. Madame Domin, that was our trump card. I never had the least fear the Robots would win. How could they against people like us? Up to window. Gall rises and goes out into the balcony.
Helena
Why didn’t you tell me? She rushes up to the fireplace and sees the ashes.
Dr. Gall
Why, the boat’s in!
Hallemeier
Eleven-thirty to the dot. Rising and going onto the balcony. The good old Amelia that brought Madame Helena to us. Domin goes out onto the balcony.
Dr. Gall
Just ten years ago to the minute.
Hallemeier
They’re throwing out the mailbags.
Domin
Busman’s waiting for them. And Fabry will bring us the first news. You know, Helena, I’m fearfully curious to know how they—Crosses to C. She gets away from fire to L. of couch.—tackled this business in Europe.
Hallemeier
Crosses down to table. To think we weren’t in it, we who invented the Robots! Returning to the armchair.
Helena
Harry—Rushing to Domin from fireplace.
Domin
What is it?
Helena
Let’s leave here.
Domin
Now, Helena? Oh, come, come.
Helena
As quickly as possible, all of us!
Domin
Why?
Helena
Please, Harry. Please, Doctor Gall, Hallemeier, please close the factory.
Domin
Why, none of us could leave here now.
Helena
Why?
Domin
Because we’re about to extend the manufacture of the Robots.
Helena
What, now, now after the revolt?
Domin
Yes, precisely, after the revolt. We’re just beginning the manufacture of a new kind.
Helena
What kind?
Domin
Henceforward we shan’t have just one factory. There won’t be Universal Robots any more. We’ll establish a factory in every country, in every state, and do you know what these new factories will make?
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