R.U.R., or Rossum’s Universal Robots is a play written in 1920 by Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who wrote many plays and novels, many of them with science-fiction and dystopian themes. R.U.R. is perhaps the most well-known of these works in the English-speaking world because it brought the word “robot” into the language. “Robot” is derived from the Czech word meaning “worker.”
The play is set in the island headquarters of the R.U.R. corporation. The corporation has been manufacturing artificial beings which resemble humans, but who are tireless workers. They can be mass-produced in large numbers and are being adopted as workers in many countries. In the first scene of the play, they are visited by a young woman, Helena Glory, who aspires to relieve the lot of the robots, who she sees as oppressed. However, in what must be the fastest seduction scene in all drama, she is wooed and agrees to marry Harry Domin, the factory manager, who she has just met. She still however aspires to improve the life of robots and find a way to give them souls. Ultimately, however, this admirable desire leads to disaster for humankind.
The play was translated into English, and slightly abridged, by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. This version quickly became popular with both British and American audiences and was well received by critics.
and—do you know, I don’t believe the rascal is a Robot at all any longer.
Helena
Doctor, has Radius a soul?
Dr. Gall
Over to couch. He’s got something nasty.
Helena
If you knew how he hates us. Oh, Doctor, are all your Robots like that? All the new ones that you began to make in a different way? She invites him to sit beside her. He sits.
Dr. Gall
Well, some are more sensitive than others. They’re all more human beings than Rossum’s Robots were.
Helena
Perhaps this hatred is more like human beings, too?
Dr. Gall
That too is progress.
Helena
What became of the girl you made, the one who was most like us?
Dr. Gall
Your favorite? I kept her. She’s lovely, but stupid. No good for work.
Helena
But she’s so beautiful.
Dr. Gall
I called her “Helena.” I wanted her to resemble you. She is a failure.
Helena
In what way?
Dr. Gall
She goes about as if in a dream, remote and listless. She’s without life. I watch and wait for a miracle to happen. Sometimes I think to myself: “If you were to wake up only for a moment you would kill me for having made you.”
Helena
And yet you go on making Robots! Why are no more children being born?
Dr. Gall
We don’t know.
Helena
Oh, but you must. Tell me.
Dr. Gall
You see, so many Robots are being manufactured that people are becoming superfluous. Man is really a survival, but that he should die out, after a paltry thirty years of competition, that’s the awful part of it. You might almost think that Nature was offended at the manufacture of the Robots, but we still have old Rossum’s manuscript.
Helena
Yes. In that strong box.
Dr. Gall
We go on using it and making Robots. All the universities are sending in long petitions to restrict their production. Otherwise, they say, mankind will become extinct through lack of fertility. But the R.U.R. shareholders, of course, won’t hear of it. All the governments, on the other hand, are clamoring for an increase in production, to raise the standards of their armies. And all the manufacturers in the world are ordering Robots like mad.
Helena
And has no one demanded that the manufacture should cease altogether?
Dr. Gall
No one has courage.
Helena
Courage!
Dr. Gall
People would stone him to death. You see, after all, it’s more convenient to get your work done by the Robots.
Helena
Oh, Doctor, what’s going to become of people?
Dr. Gall
God knows. Madame Helena, it looks to us scientists like the end.
Helena
She looks out front. Rising. Thank you for coming and telling me.
Dr. Gall
Rises. That means that you’re sending me away.
Helena
Yes. Exit Dr. Gall L. 2. She crosses to L. C. To door L. 1. With sudden resolution. Nana! Nana! the fire, light it quickly. Helena exits R.
Nana
Entering L. 1. What, light the fire in the summer?
Helena
Off R. Yes!
Nana
She looks for Radius. Has that mad Radius gone?—A fire in summer, what an idea? Nobody would think she’d been married ten years. She’s like a baby, no sense at all. A fire in summer. Like a baby. She lights the fire.
Helena
Returns from R. with armful of faded papers. Back of couch to fireplace, L. of Nana. Is it burning, Nana? All this has got to be burned.
Nana
What’s that?
Helena
Old papers, fearfully old. Nana, shall I burn them?
Nana
Are they any use?
Helena.
No.
Nana
Well, then, burn them.
Helena
Throwing the first sheet on the fire. What would you say, Nana, if this was money and a lot of money? And if it was an invention, the greatest invention in the world?
Nana
R. of fireplace. I’d say burn it. All these newfangled things are an offense to the Lord. It’s downright wickedness. Wanting to improve the world after He has made it.
Helena
Look how they curl up. As if they were alive. Oh, Nana, how horrible!
Nana
Here, let me burn them.
Helena
Drawing back. No, no, I must do it myself. Just look at the flames. They are like hands, like tongues, like living shapes. Raking fire with the poker. Lie down, lie down.
Nana
That’s the end of them. Fireplace slowly out.
Helena
Nana, Nana!
Nana
Good gracious, what is it you’ve burned? Almost to herself.
Helena
Whatever have I done?
Nana
Well, what is it? Men’s laughter off L. 2.
Helena
Go quickly. It’s the gentlemen calling.
Nana
Good gracious, what a place! Exits L. 1.
Domin
Opens door L. 2. Come along and offer your congratulations. Enter Hallemeier and Dr. Gall.
Hallemeier
Crosses to R. C. Madame Helena, I congratulate you on this festive day.
Helena
Thank you. Coming to C. Where are Fabry and Busman?
Domin
They’ve gone down the harbor. Closes the door and comes to C.
Hallemeier
Friends, we must drink to this happy occasion.
Helena
Crosses L. Brandy? With soda water? Exits L. 1.
Hallemeier
Let’s be temperate. No soda.
Domin
What’s been burning here? Well, shall I tell her about it?
Dr. Gall
L. C. Of course. It’s all over now.
Hallemeier
Crosses to Domin. Embracing Domin. It’s all over now. It’s all over now. They dance around Dr. Gall in a circle. It’s all over now.
Domin
In unison. It’s all over now. They keep repeating. Keep it after Helena is on.
Helena
Entering L. 1 with decanter and glasses. What’s all over now? What’s the matter with you all? She puts tray on L. C. table. Dr. Gall helps her to pour the drinks.
Hallemeier
Crosses to back of table. A piece of good luck. Madame Domin! All ad lib. Just ten years ago today you arrived on this island. Hallemeier crosses to table for drink.
Dr. Gall
And now, ten years later to the minute—Crosses to L. of Hallemeier.
Hallemeier
The
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