Lavengro by George Borrow (read me a book txt) π
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Lavengro, the Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest, published in 1851, is a heavily fictionalized account of George Borrowβs early years. Borrow, born in 1803, was a writer and self-taught polyglot, fluent in many European languages, and a lover of literature.
The Romany Rye, published six years later in 1857, is sometimes described as the βsequelβ to Lavengro, but in fact it begins with a straight continuation of the action of the first book, which breaks off rather suddenly. The two books therefore are best considered as a whole and read together, and this Standard Ebooks edition combines the two into one volume.
In the novel Borrow tells of his upbringing as the son of an army recruiting officer, moving with the regiment to different locations in Britain, including Scotland and Ireland. It is in Ireland that he first encounters a strange new language which he is keen to learn, leading to a life-long passion for acquiring new tongues. A couple of years later in England, he comes across a camp of gypsies and meets the gypsy Jasper Petulengro, who becomes a life-long friend. Borrow is delighted to discover that the Romany have their own language, which of course he immediately sets out to learn.
Borrowβs subsequent life, up to his mid-twenties, is that of a wanderer, traveling from place to place in Britain, encountering many interesting individuals and having a variety of entertaining adventures. He constantly comes in contact with the gypsies and with Petulengro, and becomes familiar with their language and culture.
The book also includes a considerable amount of criticism of the Catholic Church and its priests. Several chapters are devoted to Borrowβs discussions with βthe man in black,β depicted as a cynical Catholic priest who has no real belief in the religious teachings of the Church but who is devoted to seeing it reinstated in England in order for its revenues to increase.
Lavengro was not an immediate critical success on its release, but after Borrow died in 1881, it began to grow in popularity and critical acclaim. It is now considered a classic of English Literature. This Standard Ebooks edition of Lavengro and The Romany Rye is based on the editions published by John Murray and edited by W. I. Knapp, with many clarifying notes.
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- Author: George Borrow
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βI am afraid, indeed, it will all end ill,β said Belle. βHold your tongue,β said I, βor you will make me lose my patience.β βYou have already made me nearly lose mine,β said Belle. βLet us have no unprofitable interruptions,β said I; βthe conjugations of the Armenian verbs are neither so numerous nor so difficult as the declensions of the nouns; hear that, and rejoice. Come, we will begin with the verb hntal, a verb of the first conjugation, which signifies to rejoice. Come along; hntam, I rejoice; hntas, thou rejoicest; why donβt you follow, Belle?β
βI am sure I donβt rejoice, whatever you may do,β said Belle. βThe chief difficulty, Belle,β said I, βthat I find in teaching you the Armenian grammar, proceeds from your applying to yourself and me every example I give. Rejoice, in this instance, is merely an example of an Armenian verb of the first conjugation, and has no more to do with your rejoicing than lal, which is also a verb of the first conjugation, and which signifies to weep, would have to do with your weeping, provided I made you conjugate it. Come along; hntam, I rejoice; hntas, thou rejoicest; hntΓ , he rejoices; hntamk, we rejoice: now, repeat those words.β
βI canβt,β said Belle, βthey sound more like the language of horses than of human beings. Do you take me forβ β?β βFor what?β said I. Belle was silent. βWere you going to say mare?β said I. βMare! mare! by the by, do you know, Belle, that mare in old English stands for woman! and that when we call a female an evil mare, the strict meaning of the term is merely bad woman. So if I were to call you a mare without prefixing bad, you must not be offended.β βBut I should though,β said Belle. βI was merely attempting to make you acquainted with a philological fact,β said I. βIf mare, which in old English, and likewise in vulgar English, signifies a woman, sounds the same as mare, which in modern and polite English signifies a female horse, I canβt help it. There is no such confusion of sounds in Armenian, not, at least, in the same instance. Belle, in Armenian, woman is ghin, the same word, by the by, as our queen, whereas mare is madagh tzi, which signifies a female horse; and perhaps you will permit me to add, that a hard-mouthed jade is, in Armenian, madagh tzi hsdierah.β269
βI canβt bear this much longer,β said Belle. βKeep yourself quiet,β said I; βI wish to be gentle with you; and to convince you, we will skip hntal, and also for the present verbs of the first conjugation and proceed to the second. Belle, I will now select for you to conjugate the prettiest verb in Armenian; not only of the second, but also of all the four conjugations; that verb is siriel. Here is the present tense: siriem, siries, sirΓ¨, siriemk, sirΓ¨k, sirien. You observe that it runs on just in the same manner as hntal, save and except that the e is substituted for a; and it will be as well to tell you that almost the only difference between the second, third and fourth conjugations, and the first, is the substituting in the present, preterite and other tenses, e or ou or i for a; so you see that the Armenian verbs are by no means difficult. Come on, Belle, and say siriem.β Belle hesitated. βPray oblige me, Belle, by saying siriem!β Belle still appeared to hesitate. βYou must admit, Belle, that it is much softer than hntam.β βIt is so,β said Belle; βand to oblige you I will say siriem.β βVery well indeed, Belle,β said I. βNo vartabied, or doctor, could have pronounced it better; and now, to show you how verbs act upon pronouns in Armenian, I will say siriem zkiez. Please to repeat siriem zkiez!β βSiriem zkiez!β said Belle; βthat last word is very hard to say.β βSorry that you think so, Belle,β said I. βNow please to say siriΓ‘ zis.β Belle did so. βExceedingly well,β said I. βNow say, yerani thΓ¨ sirΓ¨ir zis.β βYerani thΓ¨ sirΓ¨ir zis,β said Belle. βCapital!β said I; βyou have now said, I love youβ βlove meβ βah! would that you would love me!β
βAnd I have said all these things?β said Belle. βYes,β said I; βyou have said them in Armenian.β βI would have said them in no language that I understood,β said Belle; βand it was very wrong of you to take advantage of my ignorance, and make me say such things.β βWhy so?β said I; βif you said them, I said them too.β βYou did so,β said Belle; βbut I believe you were merely bantering and jeering.β βAs I told you before, Belle,β said I, βthe chief difficulty which I find in teaching you Armenian proceeds from your persisting in applying to yourself and me every example I give.β βThen you meant nothing after all,β said Belle, raising her voice. βLet us proceed,β said I; βsirietsi, I loved.β βYou never loved anyone but yourself,β said Belle; βand whatβs moreβ ββ βSirietsits, I will love,β said I; βsiriestsies, thou wilt love.β βNever one so thoroughly heartless,β said Belle. βI tell you what, Belle, you are becoming intolerable, but we will change
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