The Country Wife was first performed in January 1672 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. It traces several plot lines, the principle of which follows notorious rake Harry Horner’s attempt to carry on affairs by spreading a rumor that he was now a eunuch and no longer a threat to any man’s wife. It was controversial for its sexual explicitness even in its own time, having several notorious scenes filled with extended sexual innuendo and women carousing, singing riotous songs, and behaving exactly like their male counterparts.
With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 the eighteen year ban on theater imposed by the Puritans was lifted. Charles II’s time in France had nurtured a fascination with the stage and, with his enthusiastic support, Restoration drama was soon once again a thriving part of the London culture—but it provided a completely different experience from Jacobean theater.
Christopher Wren’s newly built Theatre Royal provided a modern stage that accommodated innovations in scenic design and created a new relationship between actors and the audience. Another novelty, imported from France, was the presence of women on stage for the first time in British history. Restoration audiences were fascinated and often aghast to see real women perform, matching their male counterparts both in their wit and use of double entendre.
William Wycherley had spent some of the Commonwealth years in France and become interested in French drama. Borrowing extensively from Molière and others, he wrote several plays for this new theater, with his last two comedies, The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer, being the most famous. At the time, The Country Wife was considered the bawdiest and wittiest play yet seen on the English stage. It enjoyed popularity throughout the period but, as mores shifted and became more strict, the play was eventually considered too outrageous to be performed at all and between 1753 and 1924 was generally replaced on the stage by David Garrick’s cleaned-up, bland version.
sir?
Horner
I do know your wife, sir; she’s a woman, sir, and consequently a monster, sir, a greater monster than a husband, sir.
Sir Jasper
A husband! how, sir?
Horner
So, sir; but I make no more cuckolds, sir. Makes horns.
Sir Jasper
Ha! ha! ha! Mercury! Mercury!
Lady Fidget
Pray, Sir Jasper, let us be gone from this rude fellow.
Mrs. Dainty
Who, by his breeding, would think he had ever been in France?
Lady Fidget
Foh! he’s but too much a French fellow, such as hate women of quality and virtue for their love to their husbands. Sir Jasper, a woman is hated by ’em as much for loving her husband as for loving their money. But pray let’s be gone.
Horner
You do well, madam; for I have nothing that you came for. I have brought over not so much as a bawdy picture, no new postures, nor the second part of the Ecole des Filles; nor—
Quack
Hold, for shame, sir! what d’ye mean? you’ll ruin yourself forever with the sex—Apart to Horner.
Sir Jasper
Ha! ha! ha! he hates women perfectly, I find.
Mrs. Dainty
What pity ’tis he should!
Lady Fidget
Ay, he’s a base fellow for’t. But affectation makes not a woman more odious to them than virtue.
Horner
Because your virtue is your greatest affectation, madam.
Lady Fidget
How, you saucy fellow! would you wrong my honour?
Horner
If I could.
Lady Fidget
How d’ye mean, sir?
Sir Jasper
Ha! ha! ha! no, he can’t wrong your ladyship’s honour, upon my honour. He, poor man—hark you in your ear—a mere eunuch. Whispers.
Lady Fidget
O filthy French beast! foh! foh! why do we stay? let’s be gone: I can’t endure the sight of him.
Sir Jasper
Stay but till the chairs come; they’ll be here presently.
Lady Fidget
No, no.
Sir Jasper
Nor can I stay longer. ’Tis, let me see, a quarter and half quarter of a minute past eleven. The council will be sat; I must away. Business must be preferred always before love and ceremony with the wise, Mr. Horner.
Horner
And the impotent, Sir Jasper.
Sir Jasper
Ay, ay, the impotent, Master Horner; hah! hah! hah!
Lady Fidget
What, leave us with a filthy man alone in his lodgings?
Sir Jasper
He’s an innocent man now, you know. Pray stay, I’ll hasten the chairs to you.—Mr. Horner, your servant; I should be glad to see you at my house. Pray come and dine with me, and play at cards with my wife after dinner; you are fit for women at that game yet, ha! ha!—Aside. ’Tis as much a husband’s prudence to provide innocent diversion for a wife as to hinder her unlawful pleasures; and he had better employ her than let her employ herself.—Aloud. Farewell.
Horner
Your servant, Sir Jasper.
Exit Sir Jasper.
Lady Fidget
I will not stay with him, foh!—
Horner
Nay, madam, I beseech you stay, if it be but to see I can be as civil to ladies yet as they would desire.
Lady Fidget
No, no, foh! you cannot be civil to ladies.
Mrs. Dainty
You as civil as ladies would desire?
Lady Fidget
No, no, no, foh! foh! foh!
Exeunt Lady Fidget and Mrs. Dainty Fidget.
Quack
Now, I think, I, or you yourself, rather, have done your business with the women.
Horner
Thou art an ass. Don’t you see already, upon the report, and my carriage, this grave man of business leaves his wife in my lodgings, invites me to his house and wife, who before would not be acquainted with me out of jealousy?
Quack
Nay, by this means you may be the more acquainted with the husbands, but the less with the wives.
Horner
Let me alone; if I can but abuse the husbands, I’ll soon disabuse the wives. Stay—I’ll reckon you up the advantages I am like to have by my stratagem. First, I shall be rid of all my old acquaintances, the most insatiable sort of duns, that invade our lodgings in a morning; and next to the pleasure of making a new mistress is that of being rid of an old one, and of all old debts. Love, when it comes to be so, is paid the most unwillingly.
Quack
Well, you may be so rid of your old acquaintances; but how will you get any new ones?
Horner
Doctor, thou wilt never make a good chemist, thou art so incredulous and impatient. Ask but all the young fellows of the town if they do not lose more time, like huntsmen, in starting the game, than in running it down. One knows not where to find ’em; who will or will not. Women of quality are so civil, you can hardly distinguish love from good breeding, and a man is often mistaken: but now I can be sure she that shows an aversion to me loves the sport, as those women that are gone, whom I warrant to be right. And then the next thing is, your women of honour, as you call ’em, are only chary of their reputations, not their persons; and ’tis scandal they would avoid, not men. Now may I have, by the reputation of an eunuch, the privileges of one, and be seen in a lady’s chamber in a morning as early as her husband; kiss virgins before their parents or lovers; and may be, in short, the passe-partout of the town. Now, doctor.
Quack
Nay, now you shall be the doctor; and your process is so new that we do not know but it may succeed.
Horner
Not so new neither; probatum est, doctor.
Quack
Well, I wish you luck, and many patients, whilst I go to mine.
Exit.
Enter Harcourt and Dorilant.
Harcourt
Come, your appearance at the play yesterday, has, I hope, hardened you for the future against the women’s contempt, and the men’s raillery; and now you’ll abroad as you were wont.
Horner
Did I not bear it bravely?
Dorilant
With a most theatrical impudence, nay, more than the orange-wenches show there, or a drunken vizard-mask, or a great-bellied actress; nay, or the most impudent of creatures, an
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