R.U.R., or Rossum’s Universal Robots is a play written in 1920 by Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who wrote many plays and novels, many of them with science-fiction and dystopian themes. R.U.R. is perhaps the most well-known of these works in the English-speaking world because it brought the word “robot” into the language. “Robot” is derived from the Czech word meaning “worker.”
The play is set in the island headquarters of the R.U.R. corporation. The corporation has been manufacturing artificial beings which resemble humans, but who are tireless workers. They can be mass-produced in large numbers and are being adopted as workers in many countries. In the first scene of the play, they are visited by a young woman, Helena Glory, who aspires to relieve the lot of the robots, who she sees as oppressed. However, in what must be the fastest seduction scene in all drama, she is wooed and agrees to marry Harry Domin, the factory manager, who she has just met. She still however aspires to improve the life of robots and find a way to give them souls. Ultimately, however, this admirable desire leads to disaster for humankind.
The play was translated into English, and slightly abridged, by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. This version quickly became popular with both British and American audiences and was well received by critics.
epub:type="z3998:persona">Busman
Why, bless you, Miss Glory, it means that the cost of labor has fallen. A Robot, food and all, costs three-quarters of a cent per hour. Leans forward. That’s mighty important, you know. All factories will go pop like chestnuts if they don’t at once buy Robots to lower the cost of production.
Helena
And get rid of all their workmen?
Busman
Of course. But in the meantime we’ve dumped five hundred thousand tropical Robots down on the Argentine pampas to grow corn. Would you mind telling me how much you pay a pound for bread?
Helena
I’ve no idea. All smile.
Busman
Well, I’ll tell you. It now costs two cents in good old Europe. A pound of bread for two cents, and the Humanity League—designates Helena—knows nothing about it. To Men. Miss Glory, you don’t realize that even that’s too expensive. All Men chuckle. Why, in five years’ time I’ll wager—
Helena
What?
Busman
That the cost of everything will be a tenth of what it is today. Why, in five years we’ll be up to our ears in corn and—everything else.
Alquist
Yes, and all the workers throughout the world will be unemployed.
Domin
Seriously. Rises. Yes, Alquist, they will. Yes, Miss Glory, they will. But in ten years Rossum’s Universal Robots will produce so much corn, so much cloth, so much everything that things will be practically without price. There will be no poverty. All work will be done by living machines. Everybody will be free from worry and liberated from the degradation of labor. Everybody will live only to perfect himself.
Helena
Will he?
Domin
Of course. It’s bound to happen. Then the servitude of man to man and the enslavement of man to matter will cease. Nobody will get bread at the cost of life and hatred. The Robots will wash the feet of the beggar and prepare a bed for him in his house.
Alquist
Domin, Domin, what you say sounds too much like Paradise. There was something good in service and something great in humility. There was some kind of virtue in toil and weariness.
Domin
Perhaps, but we cannot reckon with what is lost when we start out to transform the world. Man shall be free and supreme; he shall have no other aim, no other labor, no other care than to perfect himself. He shall serve neither matter nor man. He will not be a machine and a device for production. He will be Lord of creation.
Busman
Amen.
Fabry
So be it.
Helena
Rises. You have bewildered me. I should like to believe this.
Dr. Gall
You are younger than we are, Miss Glory. You will live to see it.
Hallemeier
True. Looking around. Don’t you think Miss Glory might lunch with us? All Men rise.
Dr. Gall
Of course. Domin, ask her on behalf of us all.
Domin
Miss Glory, will you do us the honor?
Helena
When you know why I’ve come?
Fabry
For the League of Humanity, Miss Glory.
Helena
Oh, in that case perhaps—
Fabry
That’s fine. Pause. Miss Glory, excuse me for five minutes. Exits R.
Hallemeier
Thank you. Exits R. with Dr. Gall.
Busman
Whispering. I’ll be back soon. Beckoning to Alquist, they exit.
Alquist
Starts, stops, then to Helena, then to door. I’ll be back in exactly five minutes. Exits R.
Helena
What have they all gone for?
Domin
To cook, Miss Glory. On her L.
Helena
To cook what?
Domin
Lunch. They laugh; takes her hand. The Robots do our cooking for us and as they’ve no taste it’s not altogether—She laughs. Hallemeier is awfully good at grills and Gall can make any kind of sauce, and Busman knows all about omelets.
Helena
What a feast! And what’s the specialty of Mr.—your builder?
Domin
Alquist? Nothing. He only lays the table. And Fabry will get together a little fruit. Our cuisine is very modest, Miss Glory.
Helena
Thoughtfully. I wanted to ask you something—
Domin
And I wanted to ask you something too—they’ll be back in five minutes. Looks at door R.
Helena
What did you want to ask me? Sits C.
Domin
Excuse me, you asked first. Sits L. of her.
Helena
Perhaps it’s silly of me, but why do you manufacture female Robots when—when—
Domin
When sex means nothing to them?
Helena
Yes.
Domin
There’s a certain demand for them, you see. Servants, saleswomen, stenographers. People are used to it.
Helena
But—but tell me, are the Robots male and female, mutually—completely without—
Domin
Completely indifferent to each other, Miss Glory. There’s no sign of any affection between them.
Helena
Oh, that’s terrible.
Domin
Why?
Helena
It’s so unnatural. One doesn’t know whether to be disgusted or to hate them, or perhaps—
Domin
To pity them. Smiles.
Helena
That’s more like it. What did you want to ask me?
Domin
I should like to ask you, Miss Helena, if you will marry me.
Helena
What? Rises.
Domin
Will you be my wife? Rises.
Helena
No. The idea!
Domin
To her, looking at his watch. Another three minutes. If you don’t marry me you’ll have to marry one of the other five.
Helena
But why should I?
Domin
Because they’re all going to ask you in turn.
Helena
Crossing him to L. C. How could they dare do such a thing?
Domin
I’m very sorry, Miss Glory. It seems they’ve fallen in love with you.
Helena
Please don’t let them. I’ll—I’ll go away at once. Starts R. He stops her, his arms up.
Domin
Helena—She backs away to desk. He follows. You wouldn’t be so cruel as to refuse us.
Helena
But, but—I can’t marry all six.
Domin
No, but one anyhow. If you don’t want me, marry Fabry.
Helena
I won’t.
Domin
Ah! Doctor Gall?
Helena
I don’t want any of you.
Domin
Another two minutes. Pleading. Looking at watch.
Helena
I think you’d marry any woman who came here.
Domin
Plenty of them have come, Helena.
Helena
Laughing. Young?
Domin
Yes.
Helena
Why didn’t you marry one of them?
Domin
Because I didn’t lose my head.
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