A Manual of the Malay language by Sir Maxwell William Edward (free reads .TXT) 📕
Another characteristic list of words might be made, compounded with the monosyllable tang (which in Sakai and Semang means "hand"), and conveying an idea of seizing or holding.
Tang-an the hand. Tang-kap to seize. Tang-kei a stalk. Tang-gong to support. Tang-gal to drop off (having left hold). Tong-kat a walking-stick, &c.
The history of the Malay people is to be discovered in the language itself, for no authentic records of pre-Muhammadan times exist. Just as an insight into the early history of our own nation may be obtained by analysing the component parts of the English tongue, and assigning to each of the languages which have contributed to make it what it is their due proportion of influence, so, by resolving the Malay language into its separate elements, of which native, Sanskrit, and Arabic are the chief, and by examining the words contributed by each, it is possible to follow with some approach to historical
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27. Badan, Arabic, adopted in Hindustani also; tuboh is the native word; salira (Sansk.) is also found.
28. More correctly sa-sa‘at, one moment. Sa‘at (Arabic) is found in Hindustani also.
29. The primary meaning of tempurong is “cocoa-nut shell.”
30. Chinchin.
LESSON XXII.Bring my hat and riding-whip— Bawa topi31 dengan rotan.32
What is this candle made of?— Dian ini di-buat dengan apa?
Give me pen and ink— Kasih kalam33 sama dawat.34
That man is deaf and dumb— Orang itu bisu.
His hair is very long— Panjang sakali rambut-nia.
What is your occupation?— Apa pen-chahari-an angkau?
He cultivates padi for a livelihood— Dia buat bendang35 men-chahari makan.
Is so-and-so alive still, or is he dead?— Si-anu ada-kah lagi hidop atau mati-kah?
This cloth is very dirty— Kotor sakali kain ini.
His house was entered by robbers last night— Rumah dia di-masok peny-amun sa-malam.
They made off with a good many things— Baniak juga barang-barang dia orang angkat bawa pergi.
All were fast asleep, not one was awake— Sumua orang tidor lena sa-orang pun tiada jaga.
I keep my box under my bed— Peti sahaya simpan di-bawah tampat tidor.
I sleep on an iron bedstead— Sahaya tidor di-atas katil36 besi.
My two children sleep in the loft— Anak-anak sahaya dua orang tidor di para.
There was a policeman watching in the street— Ada mata-mata sa’orang men-jaga di jalan.
He ran very fast and could not be caught— Dia lari ter-lalu dĕras ta’ sămpat orang menangkap.
The policeman chased him down to the river-bank— Mata-mata kejar juga sampei ka-tepi sungei.
Sometimes he comes in the morning, sometimes in the middle of the day— Kadang-kadang dia datang pagi-pagi, kadang-kadang tengah hari.
Exercise.37Ada sa-orang binara memelehra-kan sa-ekor kaldei maka ‘adat-nia pada tiap-tiap hari apabila sudah iya mem-basoh kain maka di-muat-kan-nia ka-atas kaldei itu di-bawa-nia-lah ka negri di-pulang-kan-nia kemdian pula di-ambil-nia kain-kain chumar di-muat-kan-nia ka-atas-nia di-bawa-nia pulang ka rumah-nia sa-telah malam hari di-ambil-nia suatu kulit harimau di-salimut-kan-nia ka-atas kaldei itu lalu di-lepas-kan-nia dalam ladang orang damikian-lah hal-nia binara itu pada tiap-tiap hari maka apabila dinahari pulang-lah kaldei itu ka rumah tuan-nia itu maka be-ber-apa kali ber-tĕmu kapada yang ampunya ladang itu ka-takut-an lah iya di-sangka-kan harimau lari-lah iya pulang.
31. Topi, Hindustani, signifies the hat of an European.
32. Rotan, rattan, more correctly raut-an, the thing peeled, from raut, to peel.
33. Kalam (found in Hindustani also) is derived from the Arabic. Cf. Sanskrit kalama, a kind of rice; Greek κάλαμος.
34. Dawat in Hindustani (derived from Arabic) means inkstand, ink-bottle, pen-case; in Malay it also signifies ink. Tinta (Portuguese) is also used by the Malays for ink.
35. Buat bendang, lit. “works the fields;” bendang = wet rice-fields, as opposed to huma, dry fields on high ground.
36. Kaṭṭil, Tamul, a cot.
37. This and the following fables are taken from a Malay translation of the Hindi version of the Pancha-tantra, by Abdu-llah Munshi.
LESSON XXIII.People are making a clearing on the hill— Orang ber-ladang di-atas bukit.
What are they planting?— Apa di-tanam-nia?
Plantains, gourds, maize, and cucumbers— Pisang, labu, jagong, dan timun.
What news of the seeds which I sowed the day before yesterday?— Apa khabar biji itu yang di-tabur kalmarin dahulu?
They are sprouting beautifully— Sangat-lah elok tunas-nia naik itu.
Goodness knows if they will live— Wallahu ‘alam akan hidop-nia.
We shall know in a few days— Lepas sadikit hari tahu-lah kita.
He complained to the master about that matter also— Di-adu juga pada tuan hal itu.
I have never heard it— Ta’ pernah hamba tuan men-dengar.
There is a great quantity of fruit on that tree— Lebat sakali buah-buah di-atas pokok itu.
Pick three or four ripe ones— Choba petik barang tiga ampat biji yang masak.
You cannot reach them with your hand; bring a hook— Tangan ta’ sampei bawa penggait.
He put up a hut in the middle of his plantation— Di-buat-nia dangau di tengah ladang.
The walls are wood and the thatch bertam leaves— Dinding-nia kayu atap-nia bertam.
He tied it with rattan— Di-ikat-nia sama rotan.
Chop that stick with a bill-hook— Tetak kayu itu dengan parang.
He made a notch in the log— Di-takuk-nia batang kayu itu.
The tax is 10 cents for every log— Hasil-nia sapuloh duit pada sa-batang.
The timber is the property of the owner of the land— Kayu-kayu pulang kapada yang ampunya tanah.
Exercise.Maka apabila ter-dengar khabar itu kapada kapala kawal heiran iya serta ber-kata “Ada-kah pernah harimau me-makan padi antah ‘alamat akhir zaman-lah sudah,” lalu di-ambil-nia sa-batang lembing lalu pergi-lah iya sebab handak me-lihat hal itu, maka ber-temu-lah iya dengan kaldei itu maka apabila di-lihat kaldei manusia datang itu lalu ber-triak-lah iya serta di-dengar uleh kapala kawal itu suara kaldei maka di-hampir-i-nia-lah akan dia lalu di-tikam-nia dengan lembing-nia lalu mati-lah kaldei itu damikian-lah ada-nia per-mula-an per-satru-an itu datang-nia deripada mulut juga asal-nia.
LESSON XXIV.His whip dropped on the road— Chabuk38-nia jatoh di jalan.
He drives exceedingly well— Dia pandei sakali pegang ras.39
Drive out that dog— Halau-kan anjing itu.
I am going out for a drive— Sahaya handak naik kreta ber-angin-angin.
He knows how to write Malay— Dia tahu menyurat Jawi.
The letters are the same, but the pronunciation is different— Huruf-nia sama tetapi bunyi-nia lain.
I want to stop a moment at the warehouse— Sahaya mahu singga sa-kejap di gedong.
When will you come and see me?— Bila handak mari men-dapat-kan sahaya?
This skin has been destroyed by insects— Kulit ini habis-lah di-makan ulat.
He has no fixed occupation— Ta’ tuntu pe-karja-an-nia.
He has no settled residence— Ta’ tetap tampat ka-duduk-an-nia.
Who is the headman of the river?— Siapa kapala sungei?
The headman of the village received him— Di-sambut-kan-nia kapala kampong.
Five men stood on guard at the door— Lima orang ber-kawal di-pintu.
Whom do you wish to see?— Kamu handak ber-jumpa dengan siapa-kah?
I felt as if I wanted to cry— Saperti handak ber-triak rasa-nia di-dalam hati sahaya.
I have been here for several months without meeting you— Bĕr-apa bulan sahaya di-sini tiada juga ber-tĕmu dengan tuan.
It was heard across the river— Ka-dengar-an sampei sabĕrang sungei.
By the mouth the body comes to harm— Sebab mulut badan binasa.
Exercise.Ada kapada suatu hutan tampat gajah maka dalam gajah yang baniak itu ada sa-orang raja-nia maka be-bĕr-apa lama-nia iya diam pada hutan itu maka kapada suatu katika datang-lah musim kamarau maka ka-kĕring-an-lah sagala ayer maka di-suroh uleh raja gajah akan sa-ekor gajah pergi men-chahari ayer maka pergi-lah iya maka sampei-lah iya kapada sa-buah gunong maka di-bawah gunong itu ada-lah sa-buah kulam penoh ayer-nia maka apabila di-lihat-nia itu maka segra-lah iya kambali membĕri tahu raja-nia maka ber-angkat-lah raja itu serta sagala ra‘iyat-nia handak pergi me-minum ayer.
38. Chabuk, Hindi, whip.
39. Pegang ras, lit. holds the reins; rassi, Hindustani, reins.
LESSON XXV.What is the price of this?— Ini bĕr-apa harga?
At first he demanded two dollars— Mula-mula dia minta dua ringgit.
I offered one dollar, but he would not accept it— Sahaya tawar sa-ringgit tiada mahu di-tărima-nia.
He said that the fixed price was two dollars— Kata-nia harga mati dua ringgit.
Give me whichever you please— Yang mana angkau suka handak bahagi, bahagi-lah.
Any one will do— Mana-mana satu pun jadi-lah.
This quantity will do— Jadi-lah sa-baniak ini.
Is this boat your own?— Prahu ini sendiri punya-kah?
Are you married?— Sudah ber-bini-kah?
Is he a married man?— Ada-kah rumah tangga-nia?40
He has three children— Dia sudah dapat anak tiga orang.
How many children have you?— Sudah dapat anak bĕr-apa orang?
His wife has lately had a child— Bini dia baharu ber-anak.
He has got a son by his elder wife— Dia sudah dapat anak laki-laki sa-orang dengan istri-nia yang tuah.
Are these children twins?— Kambar-kah budak ini?
I have known him from his childhood— Deri kechil lagi sahaya kenal.
His child is quite an infant, still at the breast— Kechil juga anak dia, menyusu lagi.
She suckled her child— Dia menetek-kan (or menyusu-kan) anak-nia.
He is cutting his teeth— Baharu tumboh gigi-nia.
You must have it vaccinated— Mahu di-chungkil tanam ka-tumboh-an.
It did not take the first time— Mula-mula ta’ kĕna.
Exercise.Maka ada-lah pada tepi kulam itu sa-ekor raja pelanduk serta dengan ra‘iyat-nia ber-buat tampat diam di-situ maka serta ka-dengar-an-lah bunyi sagala gajah itu datang saperti ribut maka ber-kata-lah pelanduk itu sama sendiri-nia jikalau datang gajah itu kambali naschaya tiada-lah buleh kita diam di tampat ini maka uleh raja pelanduk itu di-panggil-nia mantri-nia seraya ber-sabda “Apa-kah bichara-nia jikalau datang gajah itu kamari naschaya tiada-lah buleh kita diam lagi di-sini,” maka jawab mantri pelan duk itu “Jikalau dengan titah tuanku akan patek maka patek-lah pergi meng-halau-kan gajah itu dengan barang daya upaya patek,” maka di-bĕri-lah uleh raja părentah akan mantri itu.
40. Lit. Has he a house with a ladder? i.e., has he an establishment of his own?
LESSON XXVI.Go and complain at the police-station— Pergi-lah mengadu di-balei (or rumah pasong).
He has been arrested— Dia sudah kĕna tangkap.
He has been locked up— Dia sudah kĕna tutop.
What is his offence?— Apa ka-salah-an-nia?
What do they charge him with?— Apa di-tudoh-kan di-atas-nia?
For how many days has he been detained?— Sudah bĕr-apa, hari dia kĕna tahan?
This is not his first offence— Bukan sa-kali ini sahaja yang dia buat jahat.
Do you know him?— Tuan kenal-kah dia?
No, I see him now for the first time— Tidak, baharu sa-kali ini sahaya me-lihat.
People say that he is a great opium-smoker— Kata orang dia kuat makan chandu.
He broke into the house of a Chinese in the middle of the night— Dia pechah masok rumah orang China tengah malam.
He was not alone; there were several others with him— Bukan dia sa’orang ada juga dua tiga ampat orang kawan-nia.
They were all Malays— Melayu belaka41 ka-sumua-nia.
He was not the principal, but an accomplice— Bukan dia kapala tetapi dia menyerta-i sama.
Their intention was to steal the gold ornaments— Kahandak hati-nia mahu churi barang-barang mas.
He used abusive and improper language— Dia ber-maki-maki dengan yang ta’patut.
What is the name of the defendant?— Siapa nama yang kĕna adu itu?
What the prosecutor says is quite right— Benar juga saperti kata adu-an.
Exercise.Maka mantri pelanduḳ itu-pun ber-lari-lah pergi men-dapat-kan raja gajah itu seraya ber-pikir di-dalam hati-nia, “handak meng-halau-kan gajah ini ter-lalu susah-kah? ada-pun saperti sagala raja-raja itu jikalau handak mem-bunoh orang itu saperti laku orang ter-tawa bahwa damikian-lah raja ini-pun dengan sa-buntar ini juga aku halau-kan jikalau damikian baik-lah aku naik ka-atas gunong ini,” maka ka-lihat-an-lah raja gajah itu serta dengan sagala tantra-nia maka ber-sĕru-sĕru-lah pelanduḳ itu dengan niaring suara-nia kata-nia “ada-kah tuanku serta tantra tuanku sakalian baik?” maka menulih-lah raja gajah itu serta dengan marah-nia kata-nia “Hei benatang yang kechil lagi hina apa sebab-nia angkau menyĕru aku di tengah jalan dengan ka-laku-an be-adab42 ini siapa-kah angkau ini?”
41. Belaka (entirely, completely, altogether) is often used parenthetically in a sentence, corresponding in some degree to such expressions as, “it must be said,” “I should say,” “let me add,” “you must know.”
Ka-sumua-nia, the whole of them, a collective substantive formed from sumua, all. Numerals are dealt with in the same way, as, ka-dua-nia, both of them.
42. Be-adab, “unmannerly,” a compound adjective (Hindustani) formed by prefixing the privative particle be- to the noun adab. Malays also borrow from the same source the word be-hosh, “stupified,” generally mispronounced by them bi-us.
LESSON XXVII.On what day will the case be commenced?— Pada hari mana handak buka bichara?
So-and-so got up and gave evidence.— Ber-diri si-anu jadi saḳsi.
Bail was refused— Tiada di-bĕri jamin.43
Have you any one who will go bail for you?— Ada-kah orang yang mahu tanggong?
This is the surety— Ini-lah
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