Latin for Beginners by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge (bill gates books recommendations txt) 📕

cōnsulem creātum esse.

II. 1. The boy is slow. He says that the boy is, was, (and) will be slow. 2. The horse is, has been, (and) will be strong. He judged that the horse was, had been, (and) would be strong. 3. We think that the army will go forth from the camp at the beginning of summer. 4. The next day we learned through scouts that the enemy’s town was ten miles off.[2] 5. The king replied that the ornaments belonged to[3] the queen.

[Footnote 2: to be off, to be distant, «abesse».]

[Footnote 3: Latin, were of (§409).]

[Illustration: TUBA]

LESSON LXXIII VOCABULARY REVIEW · THE IRREGULAR VERB FERŌ THE DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS

«423.» Review the word lists in §§513, 514.

«424.» Learn the principal parts and conjugation of the verb «ferō», bear (§498).

  1. Learn the principal parts and meanings of the following compounds
  of ferō, bear:

  «ad´ferō, adfer´re, at´tulī, adlā´tus», bring to; report
  «cōn´ferō, cōnfer´re, con´tulī, conlā´tus», bring together, collect
  «dē´ferō, dēfer´re, dē´tulī, dēlā´tus», bring to; report;
     grant, confer
  «īn´ferō, īnfer´re, in´tulī, inlā´tus», bring in, bring against
  «re´ferō, refer´re, ret´tulī, relā´tus», bear back, report

[ Conjugation given in §498:

  PRINCIPAL PARTS «ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus»
  PRES. STEM fer- PERF. STEM tul- PART. STEM lāt-

  INDICATIVE
          ACTIVE PASSIVE
  Pres. ferō ferimus feror ferimur
          fers fertīs ferris, -re ferimimī
          fert ferunt fertur feruntur
  Impf. ferēbam ferēbar
  Fut. feram, ferēs, etc. ferar, ferēris, etc.
  Perf. tulī lātus, -a, -um sum
  Plup. tuleram lātus, -a, -um eram
  F.P. tulerō lātus, -a, -um erō

  SUBJUNCTIVE
  Pres. feram, ferās, etc. ferar, ferāris, etc.
  Impf. ferrem ferrer
  Perf. tulerim lātus, -a, -um sim
  Plup. tulissem lātus, -a, -um essem

  IMPERATIVE
  Pres. 2d Pers. fer ferte ferre feriminī
  Fut. 2d Pers. fertō fertōte fertor
       3d Pers. fertō ferunto fertor feruntor

  INFINITIVE
  Pres. ferre ferrī
  Perf. tulisse lātus, -a, -um esse
  Fut. lātūrus, -a, -um esse ——

  PARTICIPLES
  Pres. ferēns, -entis Pres. ——
  Fut. lātūrus, -a, -um Ger. ferendus, -a, -um
  Perf. —— Perf. lātus, -a, -um

GERUND Gen. ferendī Dat. ferendō Acc. ferendum Abl. ferendō

SUPINE (Active Voice) Acc. [[lātum]] Abl. [[lātū]] ]

«425.» The dative is the case of the indirect object. Many intransitive verbs take an indirect object and are therefore used with the dative (cf. §153). Transitive verbs take a direct object in the accusative; but sometimes they have an indirect object or dative as well. The whole question, then, as to whether or not a verb takes the dative, defends upon its capacity for governing an indirect object. A number of verbs, some transitive and some intransitive, which in their simple form would not take an indirect object, when compounded with certain prepositions, have a meaning which calls for an indirect object. Observe the following sentences:

1. «Haec rēs exercituī magnam calamitātem attulit», this circumstance brought great disaster to the army.

  2. «Germānī Gallīs bellum īnferunt», the Germans make war upon the
  Gauls.

  3. «Hae cōpiae proeliō nōn intererant», these troops did not take
  part in the battle.

  4. «Equitēs fugientibus hostibus occurrunt», the horsemen meet the
  fleeing enemy.

  5. «Galba cōpiīs fīlium praefēcit», Galba put his son in command of
  the troops.

In each sentence there is a dative, and in each a verb combined with a preposition. In no case would the simple verb take the dative.

«426.» RULE. «Dative with Compounds.» Some verbs compounded with «ad», «ante», «con», «dē», «in», «inter», «ob», «post», «prae», «prō», «sub», «super», admit the dative of the indirect object. Transitive compounds may take both an accusative and a dative.

NOTE 1. Among such verbs are[1]

  «ad´ferō, adfer´re, at´tulī, adlā´tus», bring to; report
  «ad´sum, ades´se, ad´fuī, adfutū´rus», assist; be present
  «dē´ferō, dēfer´re, dē´tulī, dēlātus», report; grant, confer
  «dē´sum, dees´se, dē´fuī,——», be wanting, be lacking
  «īn´ferō, īnfer´re, in´tulī, inlā´tus», bring against, bring upon
  «inter´sum, interes´se, inter´fuī, interfutū´rus», take part in
  «occur´rō, occur´rere, occur´rī, occur´sus», run against, meet
  «praefi´ciō, praefi´cere, praefē´cī, praefec´tus», appoint over,
     place in command of
  «prae´sum, praees´se, prae´fuī, ——», be over, be in command

    [Footnote 1: But the accusative with «ad» or «in» is used with some
    of these, when the idea of motion to or against is strong.]

«427.» IDIOMS

  «graviter» or «molestē ferre», to be annoyed at, to be indignant at,
    followed by the accusative and infinitive
  «sē cōnferre ad» or «in», with the accusative,
    to betake one’s self to
  «alicui bellum īnferre», to make war upon some one
  «pedem referre», to retreat (lit. to bear back the foot)

«428.» EXERCISES

I. 1. Fer, ferent, ut ferant, ferunt. 2. Ferte, ut ferrent, tulisse, tulerant. 3. Tulimus, ferēns, lātus esse, ferre. 4. Cum nāvigia insulae adpropinquārent, barbarī terrōre commōtī pedem referre cōnātī sunt. 5. Gallī molestē ferēbant Rōmānōs agrōs vastāre. 6. Caesar sociīs imperāvit nē fīnitimis suīs bellum īnferrent. 7. Explorātōrēs, qui Caesarī occurrērunt, dīxērunt exercitum hostium vulneribus dēfessum sēsē in alium locum contulisse. 8. Hostes sciēbant Rōmānōs frūmentō egēre et hanc rem Caesarī summum perīculum adlātūram esse. 9. Impedīmentīs in ūnum locum conlātis, aliquī mīlitum flūmen quod nōn longē aberat trānsiērunt. 10. Hōs rēx hortātus est ut ōrāculum adīrent et rēs audītās ad sē referrent. 11. Quem imperātor illī legiōnī praefēcit? Pūblius illī legiōnī pracerat. 12. Cum esset Caesar in citeriōre Galliā, crēbrī ad eum[2] rūmōrēs adferēbantur litterīsque quoque certior fīēbat Gallōs obsidēs inter sē dare.

II. 1. The Gauls will make war upon Cæsar’s allies. 2. We heard that the Gauls would make war upon Cæsar’s allies. 3. Publius did not take part in that battle. 4. We have been informed that Publius did not take part in that battle. 5. The man who was in command of the cavalry was wounded and began to retreat. 6. Cæsar did not place you in command of the cohort to bring[3] disaster upon the army.

[Footnote 2: Observe that when «adferō» denotes motion to, it is not followed by the dative; cf. footnote, p. 182.]

[Footnote 3: Not the infinitive. (Cf. §352.)]

LESSON LXXIV VOCABULARY REVIEW · THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN INDIRECT QUESTIONS

«429.» Review the word lists in §§517, 518.

«430.» When we report a statement instead of giving it directly, we have an indirect statement. (Cf. §414.) So, if we report a question instead of asking it directly, we have an indirect question.

DIRECT QUESTION INDIRECT QUESTION Who conquered the Gauls? He asked who conquered the Gauls

a. An indirect question depends, usually as object, upon a verb of asking (as «petō», «postulō», «quaerō», «rogō») or upon some verb or expression of saying or mental action. (Cf. §420.)

«431.» Compare the following direct and indirect questions:

DIRECT INDIRECT

  «Quis Gallōs vincit?» { a. «Rogat quis Gallōs vincat»
  Who is conquering the { He asks who is conquering the
    Gauls? { Gauls
                           { b. «Rogavit quis Gallōs vinceret»
                           { He asked who was conquering
                           { the Gauls

                           { a. «Rogat ubi sit Rōma»
  «Ubī est Rōma?» { He asks where Rome is
  Where is Rome? { b. «Rogāvit ubi esset Rōma»
                           { He asked where Rome was

                           { a. «Rogat num Caesar Gallōs vīcerit»
                           { He asks whether Cæsar conquered
  «Caesarne Gallōs vīcit?» { the Gauls
  Did Cæsar conquer the { b. «Rogāvit num Caesar Gallōs
    Gauls? { «vīcisset»
                           { He asked whether Cæsar had
                           { conquered the Gauls

    a. The verb in a direct question is in the indicative mood, but
    the mood is subjunctive in an indirect question.

b. The tense of the subjunctive follows the rules for tense sequence.

c. Indirect questions are introduced by the same interrogative words as introduce direct questions, excepting that_yes_-or-no direct questions (cf. §210) on becoming indirect are usually introduced by «num», whether.

«432.» RULE. «Indirect Questions.» In an indirect question the verb is in the subjunctive and its tense is determined by the law for tense sequence.

«433.» IDIOMS

«dē tertiā vigiliā», about the third watch «iniūriās alicui īnferre», to inflict injuries upon some one «facere verba prō», with the ablative, to speak in behalf of «in reliquum tempus», for the future

«434.» EXERCISES

I. 1. Rēx rogāvit quid lēgātī postulārent et cūr ad sē vēnissent. 2. Quaesīvit quoque num nec recentīs iniūriās nec dubiam Rōmānōrum amīcitiam memoriā tenērent. 3. Vidētisne quae oppida hostēs oppugnāverint? 4. Nōnne scītis cūr Gallī sub montem sēse contulerint? 5. Audīvimus quās iniūrias tibi Germānī intulissent. 6. Dē tertiā vigiliā imperātor mīsit hominēs quī cognōscerent quae esset nātūra montis. 7. Prō hīs ōrātor verba fēcit et rogāvit cūr cōnsulēs nāvīs ad plēnem summī perīculī locum mittere vellent. 8. Lēgātīs convocātīs dēmōnstrāvit quid fierī vellet. 9. Nūntius referēbat quid in Gallōrum conciliō dē armīs trādendīs dictum esset. 10. Moneō nē in reliquum tempus peditēs et equitēs trāns flūmen dūcās.

II. 1. What hill did they seize? I see what hill they seized. 2. Who has inflicted these injuries upon our dependents? 3. They asked who had inflicted those injuries upon their dependents. 4. Whither did you go about the third watch? You know whither I went. 5. At what time did the boys return home? I will ask at what time the boys returned home.

LESSON LXXV VOCABULARY REVIEW · THE DATIVE OF PURPOSE, OR END FOR WHICH

«435.» Review the word lists in §§521, 522.

«436.» Observe the following sentences:

1. «Explōrātōrēs locum castrīs dēlēgērunt», the scouts chose