English Synonyms and Antonyms by James Champlin Fernald (best ebook reader for laptop TXT) 📕

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is one of the most common of errors, and one of the most difficult to avoid, while their right use gives to style cohesion, firmness, and compactness, and is an important aid to perspicuity. To the text of the synonyms is appended a set of Questions and Examples to adapt the work for use as a text-book. Aside from the purposes of the class-room, this portion will be found of value to the individual student. Excepting those who have made a thorough study of language most persons will discover with surprise how difficult it is to answer any set of the Questions or to fill the blanks in the Examples without referring to the synonym treatment in Part I., or to a dictionary, and how rarely they can give any intelligent reason for preference even among familiar words. There are few who can study such a work without finding occasion to correct some errors into which they have unconsciously fallen, and without coming to a new delight in the use of language from a fuller knowledge of its resources and a clearer sense

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do butcher and slaughter primarily apply? What is the sense of each when so used? 7. What is it to despatch? EXAMPLES.

To look into her eyes was to —— doubt.

Two presidents of the United States have been ——.

Hamilton was —— in a duel by Aaron Burr.

The place was carried by storm, and the inhabitants —— without distinction of age or sex.

KIN (page 227). QUESTIONS.

1. How does kind compare with kin? 2. What do kin and kindred denote? 3. What is affinity? How does it differ from consanguinity?

EXAMPLES.

A little more than ——, and less than ——.

He held his seat,—a friend to the human ——.

The patient bride, a little sad,
Leaving of home and ——.
KNOWLEDGE (page 227). QUESTIONS.

1. What is knowledge? How does it differ from information? 2. What is perception? apprehension? cognizance? 3. What is intuition? 4. What is experience, and how does it differ from intuition? 5. What is learning? erudition?

EXAMPLES.

—— comes, but wisdom lingers.

The child is continually seeking ——; hence his endless questions.

'Tis the sunset of life gives me mystical ——,
And coming events cast their shadows before.

——s lie at the very foundation of all reasoning.

LANGUAGE (page 228). QUESTIONS.

1. What is the derivation of language? What was its original signification? How wide is its present meaning? 2. As regards the use of words, what does language denote in the general and in the restricted sense? 3. What does speech always involve? 4. Can we speak of the speech of animals? of their language? 5. What is a dialect? a barbarism? an idiom? 6. What is a patois? How does it differ from a dialect? 7. What is a vernacular?[459]

EXAMPLES.

We must be free or die, who speak the ——
That Shakespeare spake: the faith and morals hold
Which Milton held.

—— is great; but silence is greater.

An infant crying in the night,
An infant crying for the light,
And with no —— but a cry.

Thought leapt out to wed with Thought,
Ere Thought could wed itself with ——.

A Babylonish ——
Which learned pedants much affect.

O! good, my lord, no Latin;
I'm not such a truant since my coming
As not to know the —— I have lived in.
LARGE (page 229). QUESTIONS.

1. To how many dimensions does large apply? How does it differ from long? 2. How does large compare with great? with big?

EXAMPLES.

Courage, the mighty attribute of powers above,
By which those —— in war, are —— in love.

Everything is twice as —— measured on a three-year-old's three-foot scale as on a thirty-year-old's six-foot scale.

And his —— manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble,
Pipes and whistles in its sound.
LAW (page 229). QUESTIONS.

1. What is the definition of law in its ideal? What does it signify in common use? 2. What are the characteristics of command and commandment? of an edict? 3. What is a mandate? a statute? an enactment? 4. In what special connection is formula commonly used? ordinance? order? 5. What is the meaning of law in such an expression as "the laws of nature?" What in more strictly scientific use? 6. What is a code? jurisprudence? legislation? What is an economy? Is law ever a synonym for these words, and in what way?

EXAMPLES.

Order is Heaven's first ——; and this confest,
Some are, and must be, greater than the rest.

Those he commands move only in ——,
Nothing in love.

His fair large front and eye sublime declared
Absolute ——.

We have strict ——, and most biting ——.

Napoleon gave France the best —— of —— she has ever possessed.[460]

—— is physical, established sequence; intellectual, a condition of intellectual action in order that truth may be reached; and moral, an imperative which determines the right guidance of our higher life.

LIBERTY (page 230). QUESTIONS.

1. What is freedom? 2. What is liberty in the primary sense? in the widest sense? 3. How do freedom and liberty compare? 4. How is independence used in distinction from freedom and liberty? 5. Is freedom or liberty more freely used in a figurative sense? 6. What is license? How does it compare with liberty and freedom?

EXAMPLES.

In Rousseau's philosophy —— is conceived of as lawlessness.

When —— from her mountain-height
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robe of night,
And set the stars of glory there.

The —— to go higher than we are is given only when we have fulfilled amply the duty of our present sphere.

—— they mean when they cry ——!
For who loves that must first be wise and good.
LIGHT (page 231). QUESTIONS.

1. What is light? 2. What are the characteristics of a flame? a blaze? 3. What is a flare? a flash? 4. What is the sense of glare and glow? How do they differ, and to what are they applied? 5. To what do shine and sheen refer? 6. What do glimmer, glitter, and shimmer denote? 7. What is gleam? a glitter? a sparkle? glistening? 8. What is scintillation? in what two senses used? 9. To what are twinkle and twinkling applied? 10. What is illumination? incandescence?

EXAMPLES.

From a little spark may burst a mighty ——.

A —— as of another life, my kindling soul received.

It is ——, that enables us to see the differences between things; and it is Christ that gives us ——.

White with the whiteness of the snow,
Pink with faintest rosy ——,
They blossom on their sprays.

Ghastly in the —— of day.

—— in golden coats like images.

So —— a good deed in a naughty world.

There's but the —— of a star
Between a man of peace and war.

[461]

LISTEN (page 232). QUESTIONS.

1. What does hear signify? What does listen add to the meaning of hear? 2. What does attend add to the meaning of listen? 3. What does heed further imply? 4. What is the difference between listen for and listen to?

EXAMPLES.

And ——! how blithe the throstle sings;
He, too, is no mean preacher;

Till I —— and ——
If a step draweth near.

Chill airs and wintry winds! my ear
Has grown familiar with your song;
I —— it in the opening year,
I ——, and it cheers me long.

——, every one
That —— may, unto a tale
That's merrier than the nightingale.

The men lay silent in the tall grass —— for the signal gun that should bid them rise and charge.

LITERATURE (page 233). QUESTIONS.

1. What is literature in the most general sense? in more limited sense? 2. What does literature, used absolutely, denote? 3. How may literature include science? How is it ordinarily contrasted with science?

EXAMPLES.

Wherever —— consoles sorrow or assuages pain; wherever it brings gladness to eyes which fail with wakefulness and tears—there is exhibited in its noblest form the immortal influence of Athens.

—— are lifelong friends.

—— are embalmed minds.

In our own language we have a —— nowhere surpassed, in whose lock no foreign key will ever rust.

LOAD (page 233). QUESTIONS.

1. From what language is burden derived, and with what primary meaning? load? 2. What does weight signify? How does it compare with load and burden? 3. What are cargo, freight, and lading? 4. What is the distinctive sense of pack?

EXAMPLES.

Bear ye one another's ——.

Wearing all that ——
Of learning lightly like a flower.

The ass will carry his ——, but not a double ——.

[462]

LOOK (page 234). QUESTIONS.

1. What is the distinction between look and see? between these words and behold? 2. What is it to gaze? to glance? to stare? 3. What do scan, inspect, and survey respectively express, and how are they distinguished from one another? 4. What element or elements does watch add to the meaning of look?

EXAMPLES.

It is always well to —— at people when addressing them.

Having eyes they —— not, and having ears hear not.

Then gently —— your brother man,
Still gentler sister woman;
Tho' they may gang a kennin wrang,
To step aside is human.

My soul waiteth for the Lord more than they that —— for the morning.

How peacefully the broad and golden moon
Comes up to —— upon the reaper's toil!

I am monarch of all I ——,
My right there is none to dispute;
From the center all round to the sea,
I am lord of the fowl and the brute.

But, ——, the morn in russet mantle clad,
Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill.
LOVE (page 235). QUESTIONS.

1. What is affection? 2. What may be given as a brief definition of love? 3. Does affection apply to persons or things? To what does love apply? 4. What term is preferable to love as applying to articles of food and the like? 5. How does love differ from affection? from friendship?

EXAMPLES.

Peace, commerce, and honest —— with all nations help to form the bright constellation which has gone before us.

And you must love him ere to you he will seem worthy of your ——.

Yet pity for a horse o'erdriven
And —— in which my hound has part
Can hang no weight upon my heart,
In its assumptions up to heaven.

Such —— and unbroken faith
As temper life's worst bitterness.
MAKE (page 236). QUESTIONS.

1. What is the essential idea of make? 2. How is make allied with create? 3. How is make allied with compose or constitute? 4. What are some chief antonyms for make? 5. What are the prepositions chiefly used with make, and how employed?[463]

EXAMPLES.

In the beginning God —— the heaven and the earth.

The mason ——, the architect ——.

I assert confidently that it is in the power of one American mother to —— as many gentlemen as she has sons.

Newton discovered, but did not —— the law of gravitation.

The river flows over a bed of pebbles like those that —— the beach and the surrounding plains.

A hermit and a wolf or two
My whole acquaintance ——.

If we were not willing, they possessed the power of —— us to do them justice.

The lessons of adversity sometimes soften and ——, but as often they indurate and pervert.

MARRIAGE (page 236). QUESTIONS.

1. What does matrimony specifically denote? 2. What two senses has marriage? 3. From what language is wedlock derived? what is its distinctive use? 4. What is the meaning of wedding? nuptials?

EXAMPLES.

Let me not to the —— of true minds admit impediments.

The lover was killed in a duel on the night before the intended ——.

I'll join my eldest daughter, and my joy,
To him forthwith in holy —— bonds.
MASCULINE (page 237). QUESTIONS.

1. To what is male applied? To what masculine? 2. To what does manly refer? manful? In what connection can manly be used where manful could not be substituted? 3. What is the sense of mannish? virile?

EXAMPLES.

Every virtue in the higher phases of —— character begins in truth and pity or truth and reverence to all womanhood.

One brave and ——

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