In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
I can’t now. Run away in; I have such a lot to do. Run away in, my sweet little darlings. She gets them into the room by degrees and shuts the door on them; then sits down on the sofa, takes up a piece of needlework and sews a few stitches, but soon stops. No! Throws down the work, gets up, goes to the hall door and calls out. Helen! bring the tree in. Goes to the table on the left, opens a drawer, and stops again. No, no! it is quite impossible!
Maid
Coming in with the tree. Where shall I put it, ma’am?
Nora
Here, in the middle of the floor.
Maid
Shall I get you anything else?
Nora
No, thank you. I have all I want. Exit Maid.
Nora
Begins dressing the tree. A candle here—and flowers here—The horrible man! It’s all nonsense—there’s nothing wrong. The tree shall be splendid! I will do everything I can think of to please you, Torvald!—I will sing for you, dance for you—Helmer comes in with some papers under his arm. Oh! are you back already?
Helmer
Yes. Has anyone been here?
Nora
Here? No.
Helmer
That is strange. I saw Krogstad going out of the gate.
Nora
Did you? Oh yes, I forgot, Krogstad was here for a moment.
Helmer
Nora, I can see from your manner that he has been here begging you to say a good word for him.
Nora
Yes.
Helmer
And you were to appear to do it of your own accord; you were to conceal from me the fact of his having been here; didn’t he beg that of you too?
Nora
Yes, Torvald, but—
Helmer
Nora, Nora, and you would be a party to that sort of thing? To have any talk with a man like that, and give him any sort of promise? And to tell me a lie into the bargain?
Nora
A lie—?
Helmer
Didn’t you tell me no one had been here? Shakes his finger at her. My little songbird must never do that again. A songbird must have a clean beak to chirp with—no false notes! Puts his arm round her waist. That is so, isn’t it? Yes, I am sure it is. Lets her go. We will say no more about it. Sits down by the stove. How warm and snug it is here! Turns over his papers.
Nora
After a short pause, during which she busies herself with the Christmas tree. Torvald!
Helmer
Yes.
Nora
I am looking forward tremendously to the fancy-dress ball at the Stenborgs’ the day after tomorrow.
Helmer
And I am tremendously curious to see what you are going to surprise me with.
Nora
It was very silly of me to want to do that.
Helmer
What do you mean?
Nora
I can’t hit upon anything that will do; everything I think of seems so silly and insignificant.
Helmer
Does my little Nora acknowledge that at last?
Nora
Standing behind his chair with her arms on the back of it. Are you very busy, Torvald?
Helmer
Well—
Nora
What are all those papers?
Helmer
Bank business.
Nora
Already?
Helmer
I have got authority from the retiring manager to undertake the necessary changes in the staff and in the rearrangement of the work; and I must make use of the Christmas week for that, so as to have everything in order for the new year.
Nora
Then that was why this poor Krogstad—
Helmer
Hm!
Nora
Leans against the back of his chair and strokes his hair. If you hadn’t been so busy I should have asked you a tremendously big favour, Torvald.
Helmer
What is that? Tell me.
Nora
There is no one has such good taste as you. And I do so want to look nice at the fancy-dress ball. Torvald, couldn’t you take me in hand and decide what I shall go as, and what sort of a dress I shall wear?
Helmer
Aha! so my obstinate little woman is obliged to get someone to come to her rescue?
Nora
Yes, Torvald, I can’t get along a bit without your help.
Helmer
Very well, I will think it over, we shall manage to hit upon something.
Nora
That is nice of you. Goes to the Christmas tree. A short pause. How pretty the red flowers look—. But, tell me, was it really something very bad that this Krogstad was guilty of?
Helmer
He forged someone’s name. Have you any idea what that means?
Nora
Isn’t it possible that he was driven to do it by necessity?
Helmer
Yes; or, as in so many cases, by imprudence. I am not so heartless as to condemn a man altogether because of a single false step of that kind.
Nora
No, you wouldn’t, would you, Torvald?
Helmer
Many a man has been able to retrieve his character, if he has openly confessed his fault and taken his punishment.
Nora
Punishment—?
Helmer
But Krogstad did nothing of that sort; he got himself out of it by a cunning trick, and that is why he has gone under altogether.
Nora
But do you think it would—?
Helmer
Just think how a guilty man like that has to lie and play the hypocrite with everyone, how he has to wear a mask in the presence of those near and dear to him, even before his own wife and children. And about the children—that is the most terrible part of it all, Nora.
Nora
How?
Helmer
Because such an atmosphere of lies infects and poisons the whole life of a home. Each breath the children take in such a house is full of the germs of evil.
Nora
Coming nearer him. Are you sure of that?
Helmer
My dear, I have often seen it in the course of my life as a lawyer. Almost everyone who has gone to the bad early in life has had a deceitful mother.
Nora
Why do you only say—mother?
Helmer
It seems most commonly to be the mother’s influence, though naturally a bad father’s would have the same result. Every lawyer is familiar with the fact. This Krogstad, now, has been persistently poisoning his own children with
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