In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
epub:type="z3998:persona">Nora
With me?—To the children, gently. Go in to nurse. What? No, the strange man won’t do Mother any harm. When he has gone we will have another game. She takes the children into the room on the left, and shuts the door after them. You want to speak to me?
Krogstad
Yes, I do.
Nora
Today? It is not the first of the month yet.
Krogstad
No, it is Christmas Eve, and it will depend on yourself what sort of a Christmas you will spend.
Nora
What do you mean? Today it is absolutely impossible for me—
Krogstad
We won’t talk about that until later on. This is something different. I presume you can give me a moment?
Nora
Yes—yes, I can—although—
Krogstad
Good. I was in Olsen’s Restaurant and saw your husband going down the street—
Nora
Yes?
Krogstad
With a lady.
Nora
What then?
Krogstad
May I make so bold as to ask if it was a Mrs. Linde?
Nora
It was.
Krogstad
Just arrived in town?
Nora
Yes, today.
Krogstad
She is a great friend of yours, isn’t she?
Nora
She is. But I don’t see—
Krogstad
I knew her too, once upon a time.
Nora
I am aware of that.
Krogstad
Are you? So you know all about it; I thought as much. Then I can ask you, without beating about the bush—is Mrs. Linde to have an appointment in the Bank?
Nora
What right have you to question me, Mr. Krogstad?—You, one of my husband’s subordinates! But since you ask, you shall know. Yes, Mrs. Linde is to have an appointment. And it was I who pleaded her cause, Mr. Krogstad, let me tell you that.
Krogstad
I was right in what I thought, then.
Nora
Walking up and down the stage. Sometimes one has a tiny little bit of influence, I should hope. Because one is a woman, it does not necessarily follow that—. When anyone is in a subordinate position, Mr. Krogstad, they should really be careful to avoid offending anyone who—who—
Krogstad
Who has influence?
Nora
Exactly.
Krogstad
Changing his tone. Mrs. Helmer, you will be so good as to use your influence on my behalf.
Nora
What? What do you mean?
Krogstad
You will be so kind as to see that I am allowed to keep my subordinate position in the Bank.
Nora
What do you mean by that? Who proposes to take your post away from you?
Krogstad
Oh, there is no necessity to keep up the pretence of ignorance. I can quite understand that your friend is not very anxious to expose herself to the chance of rubbing shoulders with me; and I quite understand, too, whom I have to thank for being turned off.
Nora
But I assure you—
Krogstad
Very likely; but, to come to the point, the time has come when I should advise you to use your influence to prevent that.
Nora
But, Mr. Krogstad, I have no influence.
Krogstad
Haven’t you? I thought you said yourself just now—
Nora
Naturally I did not mean you to put that construction on it. I! What should make you think I have any influence of that kind with my husband?
Krogstad
Oh, I have known your husband from our student days. I don’t suppose he is any more unassailable than other husbands.
Nora
If you speak slightingly of my husband, I shall turn you out of the house.
Krogstad
You are bold, Mrs. Helmer.
Nora
I am not afraid of you any longer. As soon as the New Year comes, I shall in a very short time be free of the whole thing.
Krogstad
Controlling himself. Listen to me, Mrs. Helmer. If necessary, I am prepared to fight for my small post in the Bank as if I were fighting for my life.
Nora
So it seems.
Krogstad
It is not only for the sake of the money; indeed, that weighs least with me in the matter. There is another reason—well, I may as well tell you. My position is this. I daresay you know, like everybody else, that once, many years ago, I was guilty of an indiscretion.
Nora
I think I have heard something of the kind.
Krogstad
The matter never came into court; but every way seemed to be closed to me after that. So I took to the business that you know of. I had to do something; and, honestly, I don’t think I’ve been one of the worst. But now I must cut myself free from all that. My sons are growing up; for their sake I must try and win back as much respect as I can in the town. This post in the Bank was like the first step up for me—and now your husband is going to kick me downstairs again into the mud.
Nora
But you must believe me, Mr. Krogstad; it is not in my power to help you at all.
Krogstad
Then it is because you haven’t the will; but I have means to compel you.
Nora
You don’t mean that you will tell my husband that I owe you money?
Krogstad
Hm!—suppose I were to tell him?
Nora
It would be perfectly infamous of you. Sobbing. To think of his learning my secret, which has been my joy and pride, in such an ugly, clumsy way—that he should learn it from you! And it would put me in a horribly disagreeable position—
Krogstad
Only disagreeable?
Nora
Impetuously. Well, do it, then!—and it will be the worse for you. My husband will see for himself what a blackguard you are, and you certainly won’t keep your post then.
Krogstad
I asked you if it was only a disagreeable scene at home that you were afraid of?
Nora
If my husband does get to know of it, of course he will at once pay you what is still owing, and we shall have nothing more to do with you.
Krogstad
Coming a step nearer. Listen to me, Mrs. Helmer. Either you have a very bad memory or you know very little of business. I shall be obliged to remind you of a few details.
Nora
What do you mean?
Krogstad
When your husband was ill, you came to me to borrow two hundred and fifty pounds.
Nora
I didn’t know anyone else to go to.
Krogstad
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