In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
a month later.
Mrs. Linde
And your husband came back quite well?
Nora
As sound as a bell!
Mrs. Linde
But—the doctor?
Nora
What doctor?
Mrs. Linde
I thought your maid said the gentleman who arrived here just as I did, was the doctor?
Nora
Yes, that was Doctor Rank, but he doesn’t come here professionally. He is our greatest friend, and comes in at least once every day. No, Torvald has not had an hour’s illness since then, and our children are strong and healthy and so am I. Jumps up and claps her hands. Christine! Christine! it’s good to be alive and happy!—But how horrid of me; I am talking of nothing but my own affairs. Sits on a stool near her, and rests her arms on her knees. You mustn’t be angry with me. Tell me, is it really true that you did not love your husband? Why did you marry him?
Mrs. Linde
My mother was alive then, and was bedridden and helpless, and I had to provide for my two younger brothers; so I did not think I was justified in refusing his offer.
Nora
No, perhaps you were quite right. He was rich at that time, then?
Mrs. Linde
I believe he was quite well off. But his business was a precarious one; and, when he died, it all went to pieces and there was nothing left.
Nora
And then?—
Mrs. Linde
Well, I had to turn my hand to anything I could find—first a small shop, then a small school, and so on. The last three years have seemed like one long working day, with no rest. Now it is at an end, Nora. My poor mother needs me no more, for she is gone; and the boys do not need me either; they have got situations and can shift for themselves.
Nora
What a relief you must feel if—
Mrs. Linde
No, indeed; I only feel my life unspeakably empty. No one to live for anymore. Gets up restlessly. That was why I could not stand the life in my little backwater any longer. I hope it may be easier here to find something which will busy me and occupy my thoughts. If only I could have the good luck to get some regular work—office work of some kind—
Nora
But, Christine, that is so frightfully tiring, and you look tired out now. You had far better go away to some watering-place.
Mrs. Linde
Walking to the window. I have no father to give me money for a journey, Nora.
Nora
Rising. Oh, don’t be angry with me!
Mrs. Linde
Going up to her. It is you that must not be angry with me, dear. The worst of a position like mine is that it makes one so bitter. No one to work for, and yet obliged to be always on the lookout for chances. One must live, and so one becomes selfish. When you told me of the happy turn your fortunes have taken—you will hardly believe it—I was delighted not so much on your account as on my own.
Nora
How do you mean?—Oh, I understand. You mean that perhaps Torvald could get you something to do.
Mrs. Linde
Yes, that was what I was thinking of.
Nora
He must, Christine. Just leave it to me; I will broach the subject very cleverly—I will think of something that will please him very much. It will make me so happy to be of some use to you.
Mrs. Linde
How kind you are, Nora, to be so anxious to help me! It is doubly kind in you, for you know so little of the burdens and troubles of life.
Nora
I—? I know so little of them?
Mrs. Linde
Smiling. My dear! Small household cares and that sort of thing!—You are a child, Nora.
Nora
Tosses her head and crosses the stage. You ought not to be so superior.
Mrs. Linde
No?
Nora
You are just like the others. They all think that I am incapable of anything really serious—
Mrs. Linde
Come, come—
Nora
—that I have gone through nothing in this world of cares.
Mrs. Linde
But, my dear Nora, you have just told me all your troubles.
Nora
Pooh!—those were trifles. Lowering her voice. I have not told you the important thing.
Mrs. Linde
The important thing? What do you mean?
Nora
You look down upon me altogether, Christine—but you ought not to. You are proud, aren’t you, of having worked so hard and so long for your mother?
Mrs. Linde
Indeed, I don’t look down on anyone. But it is true that I am both proud and glad to think that I was privileged to make the end of my mother’s life almost free from care.
Nora
And you are proud to think of what you have done for your brothers?
Mrs. Linde
I think I have the right to be.
Nora
I think so, too. But now, listen to this; I too have something to be proud and glad of.
Mrs. Linde
I have no doubt you have. But what do you refer to?
Nora
Speak low. Suppose Torvald were to hear! He mustn’t on any account—no one in the world must know, Christine, except you.
Mrs. Linde
But what is it?
Nora
Come here. Pulls her down on the sofa beside her. Now I will show you that I too have something to be proud and glad of. It was I who saved Torvald’s life.
Mrs. Linde
“Saved”? How?
Nora
I told you about our trip to Italy. Torvald would never have recovered if he had not gone there—
Mrs. Linde
Yes, but your father gave you the necessary funds.
Nora
Smiling. Yes, that is what Torvald and all the others think, but—
Mrs. Linde
But—
Nora
Papa didn’t give us a shilling. It was I who procured the money.
Mrs. Linde
You? All that large sum?
Nora
Two hundred and fifty pounds. What do you think of that?
Mrs. Linde
But, Nora, how could you possibly do it? Did you win a prize in the Lottery?
Nora
Contemptuously. In the Lottery? There would have been no credit in that.
Mrs. Linde
But where did you get it from, then?
Nora
Humming and smiling with an air of mystery. Hm, hm! Aha!
Mrs. Linde
Because you couldn’t have borrowed it.
Nora
Couldn’t I?
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