In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
procuring money. But it’s all the same now; the tiresome old person can stay where he is, as far as I am concerned; I don’t care about him or his will either, for I am free from care now. Jumps up. My goodness, it’s delightful to think of, Christine! Free from care! To be able to be free from care, quite free from care; to be able to play and romp with the children; to be able to keep the house beautifully and have everything just as Torvald likes it! And, think of it, soon the spring will come and the big blue sky! Perhaps we shall be able to take a little trip—perhaps I shall see the sea again! Oh, it’s a wonderful thing to be alive and be happy. A bell is heard in the hall.
Mrs. Linde
Rising. There is the bell; perhaps I had better go.
Nora
No, don’t go; no one will come in here; it is sure to be for Torvald.
Servant
At the hall door. Excuse me, ma’am—there is a gentleman to see the master, and as the doctor is with him—
Nora
Who is it?
Krogstad
At the door. It is I, Mrs. Helmer. Mrs. Linde starts, trembles, and turns to the window.
Nora
Takes a step towards him, and speaks in a strained, low voice. You? What is it? What do you want to see my husband about?
Krogstad
Bank business—in a way. I have a small post in the Bank, and I hear your husband is to be our chief now—
Nora
Then it is—
Krogstad
Nothing but dry business matters, Mrs. Helmer; absolutely nothing else.
Nora
Be so good as to go into the study, then. She bows indifferently to him and shuts the door into the hall; then comes back and makes up the fire in the stove.
Mrs. Linde
Nora—who was that man?
Nora
A lawyer, of the name of Krogstad.
Mrs. Linde
Then it really was he.
Nora
Do you know the man?
Mrs. Linde
I used to—many years ago. At one time he was a solicitor’s clerk in our town.
Nora
Yes, he was.
Mrs. Linde
He is greatly altered.
Nora
He made a very unhappy marriage.
Mrs. Linde
He is a widower now, isn’t he?
Nora
With several children. There now, it is burning up. Shuts the door of the stove and moves the rocking chair aside.
Mrs. Linde
They say he carries on various kinds of business.
Nora
Really! Perhaps he does; I don’t know anything about it. But don’t let us think of business; it is so tiresome.
Doctor Rank
Comes out of Helmer’s study. Before he shuts the door he calls to him. No, my dear fellow, I won’t disturb you; I would rather go in to your wife for a little while. Shuts the door and sees Mrs. Linde. I beg your pardon; I am afraid I am disturbing you too.
Nora
No, not at all. Introducing him. Doctor Rank, Mrs. Linde.
Rank
I have often heard Mrs. Linde’s name mentioned here. I think I passed you on the stairs when I arrived, Mrs. Linde?
Mrs. Linde
Yes, I go up very slowly; I can’t manage stairs well.
Rank
Ah! some slight internal weakness?
Mrs. Linde
No, the fact is I have been overworking myself.
Rank
Nothing more than that? Then I suppose you have come to town to amuse yourself with our entertainments?
Mrs. Linde
I have come to look for work.
Rank
Is that a good cure for overwork?
Mrs. Linde
One must live, Doctor Rank.
Rank
Yes, the general opinion seems to be that it is necessary.
Nora
Look here, Doctor Rank—you know you want to live.
Rank
Certainly. However wretched I may feel, I want to prolong the agony as long as possible. All my patients are like that. And so are those who are morally diseased; one of them, and a bad case too, is at this very moment with Helmer—
Mrs. Linde
Sadly. Ah!
Nora
Whom do you mean?
Rank
A lawyer of the name of Krogstad, a fellow you don’t know at all. He suffers from a diseased moral character, Mrs. Helmer; but even he began talking of its being highly important that he should live.
Nora
Did he? What did he want to speak to Torvald about?
Rank
I have no idea; I only heard that it was something about the Bank.
Nora
I didn’t know this—what’s his name—Krogstad had anything to do with the Bank.
Rank
Yes, he has some sort of appointment there. To Mrs. Linde. I don’t know whether you find also in your part of the world that there are certain people who go zealously snuffing about to smell out moral corruption, and, as soon as they have found some, put the person concerned into some lucrative position where they can keep their eye on him. Healthy natures are left out in the cold.
Mrs. Linde
Still I think the sick are those who most need taking care of.
Rank
Shrugging his shoulders. Yes, there you are. That is the sentiment that is turning Society into a sick house.
Nora, who has been absorbed in her thoughts, breaks out into smothered laughter and claps her hands.
Rank
Why do you laugh at that? Have you any notion what Society really is?
Nora
What do I care about tiresome Society? I am laughing at something quite different, something extremely amusing. Tell me, Doctor Rank, are all the people who are employed in the Bank dependent on Torvald now?
Rank
Is that what you find so extremely amusing?
Nora
Smiling and humming. That’s my affair! Walking about the room. It’s perfectly glorious to think that we have—that Torvald has so much power over so many people. Takes the packet from her pocket. Doctor Rank, what do you say to a macaroon?
Rank
What, macaroons? I thought they were forbidden here.
Nora
Yes, but these are some Christine gave me.
Mrs. Linde
What! I?—
Nora
Oh, well, don’t be alarmed! You couldn’t know that Torvald had forbidden them. I must tell you that he is afraid they will spoil my teeth. But, bah!—once in a way—That’s so, isn’t it, Doctor Rank? By your leave! Puts a macaroon into his mouth. You must
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