In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
epub:type="z3998:persona">Nora
Ask her to come in.
Maid
To Helmer. The doctor came at the same time, sir.
Helmer
Did he go straight into my room?
Maid
Yes, sir.
Helmer goes into his room. The Maid ushers in Mrs. Linde, who is in travelling dress, and shuts the door.
Mrs. Linde
In a dejected and timid voice. How do you do, Nora?
Nora
Doubtfully. How do you do—
Mrs. Linde
You don’t recognise me, I suppose.
Nora
No, I don’t know—yes, to be sure, I seem to—Suddenly. Yes! Christine! Is it really you?
Mrs. Linde
Yes, it is I.
Nora
Christine! To think of my not recognising you! And yet how could I—In a gentle voice. How you have altered, Christine!
Mrs. Linde
Yes, I have indeed. In nine, ten long years—
Nora
Is it so long since we met? I suppose it is. The last eight years have been a happy time for me, I can tell you. And so now you have come into the town, and have taken this long journey in winter—that was plucky of you.
Mrs. Linde
I arrived by steamer this morning.
Nora
To have some fun at Christmas-time, of course. How delightful! We will have such fun together! But take off your things. You are not cold, I hope. Helps her. Now we will sit down by the stove, and be cosy. No, take this armchair; I will sit here in the rocking chair. Takes her hands. Now you look like your old self again; it was only the first moment—You are a little paler, Christine, and perhaps a little thinner.
Mrs. Linde
And much, much older, Nora.
Nora
Perhaps a little older; very, very little; certainly not much. Stops suddenly and speaks seriously. What a thoughtless creature I am, chattering away like this. My poor, dear Christine, do forgive me.
Mrs. Linde
What do you mean, Nora?
Nora
Gently. Poor Christine, you are a widow.
Mrs. Linde
Yes; it is three years ago now.
Nora
Yes, I knew; I saw it in the papers. I assure you, Christine, I meant ever so often to write to you at the time, but I always put it off and something always prevented me.
Mrs. Linde
I quite understand, dear.
Nora
It was very bad of me, Christine. Poor thing, how you must have suffered. And he left you nothing?
Mrs. Linde
No.
Nora
And no children?
Mrs. Linde
No.
Nora
Nothing at all, then.
Mrs. Linde
Not even any sorrow or grief to live upon.
Nora
Looking incredulously at her. But, Christine, is that possible?
Mrs. Linde
Smiles sadly and strokes her hair. It sometimes happens, Nora.
Nora
So you are quite alone. How dreadfully sad that must be. I have three lovely children. You can’t see them just now, for they are out with their nurse. But now you must tell me all about it.
Mrs. Linde
No, no; I want to hear about you.
Nora
No, you must begin. I mustn’t be selfish today; today I must only think of your affairs. But there is one thing I must tell you. Do you know we have just had a great piece of good luck?
Mrs. Linde
No, what is it?
Nora
Just fancy, my husband has been made manager of the Bank!
Mrs. Linde
Your husband? What good luck!
Nora
Yes, tremendous! A barrister’s profession is such an uncertain thing, especially if he won’t undertake unsavoury cases; and naturally Torvald has never been willing to do that, and I quite agree with him. You may imagine how pleased we are! He is to take up his work in the Bank at the New Year, and then he will have a big salary and lots of commissions. For the future we can live quite differently—we can do just as we like. I feel so relieved and so happy, Christine! It will be splendid to have heaps of money and not need to have any anxiety, won’t it?
Mrs. Linde
Yes, anyhow I think it would be delightful to have what one needs.
Nora
No, not only what one needs, but heaps and heaps of money.
Mrs. Linde
Smiling. Nora, Nora, haven’t you learned sense yet? In our schooldays you were a great spendthrift.
Nora
Laughing. Yes, that is what Torvald says now. Wags her finger at her. But “Nora, Nora” is not so silly as you think. We have not been in a position for me to waste money. We have both had to work.
Mrs. Linde
You too?
Nora
Yes; odds and ends, needlework, crotchet work, embroidery, and that kind of thing. Dropping her voice. And other things as well. You know Torvald left his office when we were married? There was no prospect of promotion there, and he had to try and earn more than before. But during the first year he overworked himself dreadfully. You see, he had to make money every way he could, and he worked early and late; but he couldn’t stand it, and fell dreadfully ill, and the doctors said it was necessary for him to go south.
Mrs. Linde
You spent a whole year in Italy, didn’t you?
Nora
Yes. It was no easy matter to get away, I can tell you. It was just after Ivar was born; but naturally we had to go. It was a wonderfully beautiful journey, and it saved Torvald’s life. But it cost a tremendous lot of money, Christine.
Mrs. Linde
So I should think.
Nora
It cost about two hundred and fifty pounds. That’s a lot, isn’t it?
Mrs. Linde
Yes, and in emergencies like that it is lucky to have the money.
Nora
I ought to tell you that we had it from Papa.
Mrs. Linde
Oh, I see. It was just about that time that he died, wasn’t it?
Nora
Yes; and, just think of it, I couldn’t go and nurse him. I was expecting little Ivar’s birth every day and I had my poor sick Torvald to look after. My dear, kind father—I never saw him again, Christine. That was the saddest time I have known since our marriage.
Mrs. Linde
I know how fond you were of him. And then you went off to Italy?
Nora
Yes; you see we had money then, and the doctors insisted on our going, so we started
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