R.U.R., or Rossum’s Universal Robots is a play written in 1920 by Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who wrote many plays and novels, many of them with science-fiction and dystopian themes. R.U.R. is perhaps the most well-known of these works in the English-speaking world because it brought the word “robot” into the language. “Robot” is derived from the Czech word meaning “worker.”
The play is set in the island headquarters of the R.U.R. corporation. The corporation has been manufacturing artificial beings which resemble humans, but who are tireless workers. They can be mass-produced in large numbers and are being adopted as workers in many countries. In the first scene of the play, they are visited by a young woman, Helena Glory, who aspires to relieve the lot of the robots, who she sees as oppressed. However, in what must be the fastest seduction scene in all drama, she is wooed and agrees to marry Harry Domin, the factory manager, who she has just met. She still however aspires to improve the life of robots and find a way to give them souls. Ultimately, however, this admirable desire leads to disaster for humankind.
The play was translated into English, and slightly abridged, by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. This version quickly became popular with both British and American audiences and was well received by critics.
sits L. of table.
Domin
No? What do you want to do?
Busman
I want to get out of this, that’s all.
Domin
Oh, stop it, Busman.
Busman
Seriously, Harry, I think we might try it.
Domin
How? To front again.
Busman
By fair means. I do everything by fair means. Give me a free hand and I’ll negotiate with the Robots.
Domin
By fair means?
Busman
Rises. Of course. For instance, I’ll say to them: “Worthy and Worshipful Robots, you have everything. You have intellect, you have power, you have firearms. But we have just one interesting screed, a dirty old yellow scrap of paper—”
Domin
Rossum’s manuscript? Interest from All. Gall is at C., near couch. Hallemeier is up at window C.
Busman
Yes. “And that,” I’ll tell them, “contains an account of your illustrious origin, the noble process of your manufacture and so on. Worthy Robots, without this scribble on that paper you will not be able to produce a single new colleague. In another twenty years there will not be the living specimen of a Robot whom you could exhibit in a menagerie. My esteemed friends, that would be a great blow to you, but if you will let all of us human beings on Rossum’s Island go on board that ship we will deliver the factory and the secret of the process to you in return. You allow us to get away, and we will allow you to manufacture yourselves. That, worthy Robots, is a fair deal. Something for something.” That’s what I’d say to them, my boys. Sits.
Domin
Crosses to C. Busman, do you think we’d sell the manuscript?
Busman
Yes, I do. If not in a friendly way, then—either we sell it or they’ll find it. Just as you like.
Domin
Busman, we can destroy Rossum’s manuscript.
Busman
Then we destroy everything—not only the manuscript but ourselves. Just as you think fit.
Domin
There are over thirty of us on this island. Are we to sell the secret? And save that many souls at the risk of enslaving mankind—
Busman
Why, you’re mad. Who’d sell the whole manuscript?
Domin
Busman, no cheating! To L. C. table.
Busman
Well then, sell, but afterwards—
Domin
Well?
Busman
Let’s suppose this happens. When we’re on board the Ultimus I’ll stop up my ears with cotton wool, lie down somewhere in the hold, and you’ll train the guns on the factory and blow it to smithereens, and with it Rossum’s secret.
Fabry
Rises. No!
Domin
Busman, you’re no—gentleman. If we sell them it will be a straight sale.
Busman
Rises. It’s in the interest of humanity to—
Domin
It’s in the interest of humanity to keep our word—
Hallemeier
Oh, come, what rubbish!
Domin
This is a fearful decision. We are selling the destiny of mankind. Are we to sell or destroy? Fabry?
Fabry
Sell.
Domin
Gall?
Dr. Gall
Sell.
Domin
Hallemeier?
Hallemeier
Sell, of course.
Domin
Alquist?
Alquist
As God wills.
Domin
Starts off R. Very well, gentlemen.
Helena
Harry, you’re not asking me.
Domin
Stops. To her. No, child. Starting R. Don’t you worry about it. He pats her shoulder.
Fabry
Who’ll do the negotiating?
Busman
I will. Up to window.
Domin
Wait till I bring the manuscript. Domin goes out R.
Helena
Rises. Harry, don’t go! Helena sits. All look at her. Pause.
Fabry
Looking out of window. Oh, to escape you! you—matter—in revolt; oh, to preserve human life, if only upon a single vessel—
Dr. Gall
Don’t be afraid. Going to back of couch. Madame Helena. We’ll sail far away from here; we’ll begin life all over again.
Helena
Oh, Gall, don’t speak.
Fabry
Crosses to L. of Gall. It isn’t too late. Going to L. of her chair. It will be a little State with one ship. Alquist will build us a house and you shall rule over us.
Hallemeier
Crosses to L. of Fabry. Madame Helena, Fabry’s right.
Helena
Breaking down. Oh, stop! Stop!
Busman
Good! Crosses to L. of L. C. table. I don’t mind beginning all over again. That suits me right down to the ground. Going through papers on table.
Fabry
And this little State of ours could be the center of future life. A place of refuge where we could gather strength. Why, in a few hundred years we could conquer the world again.
Alquist
You believe that even today?
Fabry
Yes!
Busman
Amen. You see, Madame Helena, we’re not so badly off.
Domin
Storms into R. To R. of couch. Hoarsely. Where’s old Rossum’s manuscript? To R. C.
Busman
In your strongbox, of course.
Domin
Someone—has—stolen it!
Dr. Gall
Impossible.
Domin
Who has stolen it?
Helena
Standing up. I did. Reactions from Fabry and Hallemeier.
Domin
Where did you put it?
Helena
Harry, I’ll tell you everything. Only forgive me.
Domin
Where did you put it?
Helena
Pointing to fireplace. This morning—I burnt—the two copies.
Domin
Burnt them? Where—in the fireplace? Goes to fireplace, followed by Fabry, Hallemeier and Busman.
Helena
Throwing herself on her knees. By sofa, facing upstage. For Heaven’s sake, Harry.
Domin
Going to fireplace. Nothing—nothing but ashes. Wait, what’s this? Picks out a charred piece of paper and reads, “By adding.” Fabry, Gall and Hallemeier move up to him.
Dr. Gall
Let’s see. “By adding biogen to—” That’s all.
Domin
Is that part of it?
Dr. Gall
Carrying paper down and letting it fall. Yes. Gall crosses to L. C. Hallemeier to R. of L. C. table; Fabry to window; Busman to L. of L. C. table.
Busman
God in Heaven! Sits L. of table.
Domin
Then we’re done for. Get up, Helena.
Helena
Then you’ve forgiven me?
Domin
Get up, child. I can’t bear—
Fabry
Lifting her up. Please don’t torture us.
Helena
Harry, what have I done?
Fabry
Coming to Helena. Don’t, Madame Helena.
Domin
Takes Helena to couch. She sits. Gall, you couldn’t draw up Rossum’s
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