Lavengro by George Borrow (read me a book txt) π
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Lavengro, the Scholar, the Gypsy, the Priest, published in 1851, is a heavily fictionalized account of George Borrowβs early years. Borrow, born in 1803, was a writer and self-taught polyglot, fluent in many European languages, and a lover of literature.
The Romany Rye, published six years later in 1857, is sometimes described as the βsequelβ to Lavengro, but in fact it begins with a straight continuation of the action of the first book, which breaks off rather suddenly. The two books therefore are best considered as a whole and read together, and this Standard Ebooks edition combines the two into one volume.
In the novel Borrow tells of his upbringing as the son of an army recruiting officer, moving with the regiment to different locations in Britain, including Scotland and Ireland. It is in Ireland that he first encounters a strange new language which he is keen to learn, leading to a life-long passion for acquiring new tongues. A couple of years later in England, he comes across a camp of gypsies and meets the gypsy Jasper Petulengro, who becomes a life-long friend. Borrow is delighted to discover that the Romany have their own language, which of course he immediately sets out to learn.
Borrowβs subsequent life, up to his mid-twenties, is that of a wanderer, traveling from place to place in Britain, encountering many interesting individuals and having a variety of entertaining adventures. He constantly comes in contact with the gypsies and with Petulengro, and becomes familiar with their language and culture.
The book also includes a considerable amount of criticism of the Catholic Church and its priests. Several chapters are devoted to Borrowβs discussions with βthe man in black,β depicted as a cynical Catholic priest who has no real belief in the religious teachings of the Church but who is devoted to seeing it reinstated in England in order for its revenues to increase.
Lavengro was not an immediate critical success on its release, but after Borrow died in 1881, it began to grow in popularity and critical acclaim. It is now considered a classic of English Literature. This Standard Ebooks edition of Lavengro and The Romany Rye is based on the editions published by John Murray and edited by W. I. Knapp, with many clarifying notes.
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- Author: George Borrow
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βYou told me that you intended to be frank,β said I; βbut, however frank you may be, I think you are rather wild.β
βWe priests of Rome,β said the man in black, βeven those amongst us who do not go much abroad, know a great deal about Church matters, of which you heretics have very little idea. Those of our brethren of the Propaganda, on their return home from distant missions, not unfrequently tell us very strange things relating to our dear mother; for example, our first missionaries to the East were not slow in discovering and telling to their brethren that our religion and the great Indian one were identical, no more difference between them than between Ram and Rome. Priests, convents, beads, prayers, processions, fastings, penances, all the same, not forgetting anchorites and vermin, he! he! The Pope they found under the title of the grand lama, a sucking child surrounded by an immense number of priests. Our good brethren, some two hundred years ago, had a hearty laugh, which their successors have often reechoed; they said that helpless suckling and its priests put them so much in mind of their own old man, surrounded by his cardinals, he! he! Old age is second childhood.β
βDid they find Christ?β said I.
βThey found him too,β said the man in black, βthat is, they saw his image; he is considered in India as a pure kind of being, and on that account, perhaps, is kept there rather in the background, even as he is here.β
βAll this is very mysterious to me,β said I.
βVery likely,β said the man in black; βbut of this I am tolerably sure, and so are most of those of Rome, that modern Rome had its religion from ancient Rome, which had its religion from the East.β
βBut how?β I demanded.
βIt was brought about, I believe, by the wanderings of nations,β said the man in black. βA brother of the Propaganda, a very learned man, once told meβ βI do not mean Mezzofanti,224 who has not five ideasβ βthis brother once told me that all we of the Old World, from Calcutta to Dublin, are of the same stock, and were originally of the same language, andβ ββ
βAll of one religion,β I put in.
βAll of one religion,β said the man in black; βand now follow different modifications of the same religion.β
βWe Christians are not image-worshippers,β said I.
βYou heretics are not, you mean,β said the man in black; βbut you will be put down, just as you have always been, though others may rise up after you; the true religion is image-worship; people may strive against it, but they will only work themselves to an oil; how did it fare with that Greek Emperor, the Iconoclast, what was his name, Leon the Isaurian?225 Did not his image-breaking cost him Italy, the fairest province of his empire, and did not ten fresh images start up at home for everyone which he demolished? Oh! you little know the craving which the soul sometimes feels after a good bodily image.β
βI have indeed no conception of it,β said I; βI have an abhorrence of idolatryβ βthe idea of bowing before a graven figure!β
βThe idea, indeed!β said Belle, who had now joined us.
βDid you never bow before that of Shakespeare?β said the man in black, addressing himself to me, after a low bow to Belle.
βI donβt remember that I ever did,β said I; βbut even suppose I did?β
βSuppose you did,β said the man in black; βshame on you, Mr. Hater of Idolatry; why, the very supposition brings you to the ground; you must make figures of Shakespeare, must you? then why not of St. Antonio, or Ignacio,226 or of a greater personage still! I know what you are going to say,β he cried, interrupting me, as I was about to speak, βYou donβt make his image in order to pay it divine honours, but only to look at it, and think of Shakespeare; but this looking at a thing in order to think of a person is the very basis of idolatry. Shakespeareβs works are not sufficient for you; no more are the Bible or the legend of Saint Anthony or Saint Ignacio for us, that is for those of us who believe in them; I tell you Zingaro, that no religion can exist long which rejects a good bodily image.β
βDo you think,β said I, βthat Shakespeareβs works would not exist without his image?β
βI believe,β said the man in black, βthat Shakespeareβs image is looked at more than his works, and will be looked at, and perhaps adored, when they are forgotten. I am surprised that they have not been forgotten long ago; I am no admirer of them.β
βBut I canβt imagine,β said I, βhow you will put aside the authority of Moses. If Moses strove against image-worship, should not his doing so be conclusive as to the impropriety of the practice; what higher authority can you have than that of Moses?β
βThe practice of the great majority of the human race,β said the man in black, βand the recurrence to image-worship where image-worship has been abolished. Do you know that Moses is considered by the Church as no better than a heretic, and though, for particular reasons, it has been obliged to adopt his writings, the adoption was merely a sham one, as it never paid the slightest attention to them? No, no, the Church was never led by Moses, nor by one mightier than he, whose doctrine it has equally nullifiedβ βI allude to Krishna in his second avatar; the Church, it is true, governs in his name, but not unfrequently gives him the lie, if he happens to have said anything which it dislikes. Did you never hear the reply which Padre Paolo Segani made to the French Protestant Jean Anthoine GuΓ©rin, who had asked him whether it
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