In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
like, Nora. There is something so indescribably sweet and satisfying, to a man, in the knowledge that he has forgiven his wife—forgiven her freely, and with all his heart. It seems as if that had made her, as it were, doubly his own; he has given her a new life, so to speak; and she has in a way become both wife and child to him. So you shall be for me after this, my little scared, helpless darling. Have no anxiety about anything, Nora; only be frank and open with me, and I will serve as will and conscience both to you—. What is this? Not gone to bed? Have you changed your things?
Nora
In everyday dress. Yes, Torvald, I have changed my things now.
Helmer
But what for?—so late as this.
Nora
I shall not sleep tonight.
Helmer
But, my dear Nora—
Nora
Looking at her watch. It is not so very late. Sit down here, Torvald. You and I have much to say to one another. She sits down at one side of the table.
Helmer
Nora—what is this?—this cold, set face?
Nora
Sit down. It will take some time; I have a lot to talk over with you.
Helmer
Sits down at the opposite side of the table. You alarm me, Nora!—and I don’t understand you.
Nora
No, that is just it. You don’t understand me, and I have never understood you either—before tonight. No, you mustn’t interrupt me. You must simply listen to what I say. Torvald, this is a settling of accounts.
Helmer
What do you mean by that?
Nora
After a short silence. Isn’t there one thing that strikes you as strange in our sitting here like this?
Helmer
What is that?
Nora
We have been married now eight years. Does it not occur to you that this is the first time we two, you and I, husband and wife, have had a serious conversation?
Helmer
What do you mean by serious?
Nora
In all these eight years—longer than that—from the very beginning of our acquaintance, we have never exchanged a word on any serious subject.
Helmer
Was it likely that I would be continually and forever telling you about worries that you could not help me to bear?
Nora
I am not speaking about business matters. I say that we have never sat down in earnest together to try and get at the bottom of anything.
Helmer
But, dearest Nora, would it have been any good to you?
Nora
That is just it; you have never understood me. I have been greatly wronged, Torvald—first by Papa and then by you.
Helmer
What! By us two—by us two, who have loved you better than anyone else in the world?
Nora
Shaking her head. You have never loved me. You have only thought it pleasant to be in love with me.
Helmer
Nora, what do I hear you saying?
Nora
It is perfectly true, Torvald. When I was at home with Papa, he told me his opinion about everything, and so I had the same opinions; and if I differed from him I concealed the fact, because he would not have liked it. He called me his doll-child, and he played with me just as I used to play with my dolls. And when I came to live with you—
Helmer
What sort of an expression is that to use about our marriage?
Nora
Undisturbed. I mean that I was simply transferred from Papa’s hands into yours. You arranged everything according to your own taste, and so I got the same tastes as you—or else I pretended to, I am really not quite sure which—I think sometimes the one and sometimes the other. When I look back on it, it seems to me as if I had been living here like a poor woman—just from hand to mouth. I have existed merely to perform tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it so. You and Papa have committed a great sin against me. It is your fault that I have made nothing of my life.
Helmer
How unreasonable and how ungrateful you are, Nora! Have you not been happy here?
Nora
No, I have never been happy. I thought I was, but it has never really been so.
Helmer
Not—not happy!
Nora
No, only merry. And you have always been so kind to me. But our home has been nothing but a playroom. I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I was Papa’s doll-child; and here the children have been my dolls. I thought it great fun when you played with me, just as they thought it great fun when I played with them. That is what our marriage has been, Torvald.
Helmer
There is some truth in what you say—exaggerated and strained as your view of it is. But for the future it shall be different. Playtime shall be over, and lesson time shall begin.
Nora
Whose lessons? Mine, or the children’s?
Helmer
Both yours and the children’s, my darling Nora.
Nora
Alas, Torvald, you are not the man to educate me into being a proper wife for you.
Helmer
And you can say that!
Nora
And I—how am I fitted to bring up the children?
Helmer
Nora!
Nora
Didn’t you say so yourself a little while ago—that you dare not trust me to bring them up?
Helmer
In a moment of anger! Why do you pay any heed to that?
Nora
Indeed, you were perfectly right. I am not fit for the task. There is another task I must undertake first. I must try and educate myself—you are not the man to help me in that. I must do that for myself. And that is why I am going to leave you now.
Helmer
Springing up. What do you say?
Nora
I must stand quite alone, if I am to understand myself and everything about me. It is for that reason that I cannot remain with you any longer.
Helmer
Nora, Nora!
Nora
I am going away from here now, at once. I am sure Christine will take me in for the night—
Helmer
You are out of your mind! I won’t allow it!
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