In 1870s Norway, Nora Helmer struggles to be her own person within her marriage and a society that limits the opportunities of women. When decisions made to protect her husband come back to haunt her, Nora must fight for her family and for her own place in the world.
Since its first theatrical run, in which every performance was sold out, A Doll’s House has inspired admiration, controversy, and discussion. First published by Ibsen in 1879 in Danish, the official language of Danish-ruled Norway, A Doll’s House sold out its first two printings within months. It first premiered at the Royal Theatre in Copenhagen within a month of publication, and the play was performed in Germany in 1880 and London in 1884.
Initial translations changed the play, particularly the ending, to be more sympathetic and acceptable. Ibsen considered these changes to be a “barbaric outrage.” It wouldn’t be until 1889 that the play was performed as written in London and Broadway.
Ibsen’s work pioneered realistic depictions of middle class families and social themes. He claimed that he didn’t have feminist intentions in the writing of A Doll’s House, instead aiming for “the description of humanity,” but the play is widely considered an essential feminist work and has had a real lasting impact: as recently as 2006, it was the most performed play in the world.
I forbid you!
Nora
It is no use forbidding me anything any longer. I will take with me what belongs to myself. I will take nothing from you, either now or later.
Helmer
What sort of madness is this!
Nora
Tomorrow I shall go home—I mean, to my old home. It will be easiest for me to find something to do there.
Helmer
You blind, foolish woman!
Nora
I must try and get some sense, Torvald.
Helmer
To desert your home, your husband and your children! And you don’t consider what people will say!
Nora
I cannot consider that at all. I only know that it is necessary for me.
Helmer
It’s shocking. This is how you would neglect your most sacred duties.
Nora
What do you consider my most sacred duties?
Helmer
Do I need to tell you that? Are they not your duties to your husband and your children?
Nora
I have other duties just as sacred.
Helmer
That you have not. What duties could those be?
Nora
Duties to myself.
Helmer
Before all else, you are a wife and a mother.
Nora
I don’t believe that any longer. I believe that before all else I am a reasonable human being, just as you are—or, at all events, that I must try and become one. I know quite well, Torvald, that most people would think you right, and that views of that kind are to be found in books; but I can no longer content myself with what most people say, or with what is found in books. I must think over things for myself and get to understand them.
Helmer
Can you not understand your place in your own home? Have you not a reliable guide in such matters as that?—have you no religion?
Nora
I am afraid, Torvald, I do not exactly know what religion is.
Helmer
What are you saying?
Nora
I know nothing but what the clergyman said, when I went to be confirmed. He told us that religion was this, and that, and the other. When I am away from all this, and am alone, I will look into that matter too. I will see if what the clergyman said is true, or at all events if it is true for me.
Helmer
This is unheard of in a girl of your age! But if religion cannot lead you aright, let me try and awaken your conscience. I suppose you have some moral sense? Or—answer me—am I to think you have none?
Nora
I assure you, Torvald, that is not an easy question to answer. I really don’t know. The thing perplexes me altogether. I only know that you and I look at it in quite a different light. I am learning, too, that the law is quite another thing from what I supposed; but I find it impossible to convince myself that the law is right. According to it a woman has no right to spare her old dying father, or to save her husband’s life. I can’t believe that.
Helmer
You talk like a child. You don’t understand the conditions of the world in which you live.
Nora
No, I don’t. But now I am going to try. I am going to see if I can make out who is right, the world or I.
Helmer
You are ill, Nora; you are delirious; I almost think you are out of your mind.
Nora
I have never felt my mind so clear and certain as tonight.
Helmer
And is it with a clear and certain mind that you forsake your husband and your children?
Nora
Yes, it is.
Helmer
Then there is only one possible explanation.
Nora
What is that?
Helmer
You do not love me anymore.
Nora
No, that is just it.
Helmer
Nora!—and you can say that?
Nora
It gives me great pain, Torvald, for you have always been so kind to me, but I cannot help it. I do not love you any more.
Helmer
Regaining his composure. Is that a clear and certain conviction too?
Nora
Yes, absolutely clear and certain. That is the reason why I will not stay here any longer.
Helmer
And can you tell me what I have done to forfeit your love?
Nora
Yes, indeed I can. It was tonight, when the wonderful thing did not happen; then I saw you were not the man I had thought you were.
Helmer
Explain yourself better. I don’t understand you.
Nora
I have waited so patiently for eight years; for, goodness knows, I knew very well that wonderful things don’t happen every day. Then this horrible misfortune came upon me; and then I felt quite certain that the wonderful thing was going to happen at last. When Krogstad’s letter was lying out there, never for a moment did I imagine that you would consent to accept this man’s conditions. I was so absolutely certain that you would say to him: Publish the thing to the whole world. And when that was done—
Helmer
Yes, what then?—when I had exposed my wife to shame and disgrace?
Nora
When that was done, I was so absolutely certain, you would come forward and take everything upon yourself, and say: I am the guilty one.
Helmer
Nora—!
Nora
You mean that I would never have accepted such a sacrifice on your part? No, of course not. But what would my assurances have been worth against yours? That was the wonderful thing which I hoped for and feared; and it was to prevent that, that I wanted to kill myself.
Helmer
I would gladly work night and day for you, Nora—bear sorrow and want for your sake. But no man would sacrifice his honour for the one he loves.
Nora
It is a thing hundreds of thousands of women have done.
Helmer
Oh, you think and talk like a heedless child.
Nora
Maybe. But you neither think nor talk like the man I could bind myself to. As soon as your fear was over—and it was not fear for what threatened me, but for what might happen to you—when the whole thing was past, as far as you were concerned it was exactly as if nothing at all had happened. Exactly as before, I was your
Free e-book: «A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen (ebook reader color screen txt) 📕» - read online now on website american library books (americanlibrarybooks.com)
Comments (0)