Roswitha, also known as Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim, was a tenth century German canoness, dramatist, and poet. A remarkable woman, she has been called the first Western playwright since antiquity as well as the first known woman playwright. She was inspired by the Roman comic playwright Terence, who wrote six farces filled with disguises, misunderstandings, and pagan debauchery. Upset by Terenceβs immoral subject matter but also inspired by his well-crafted plays, Roswitha sought to βChristianizeβ his work by writing six plays of her own.
Roswitha wrote six dramas in Latin. Two are concerned with the conversation of nonbelievers (Gallicanus and Callimachus), two are concerned with the repentance of sinners (Abraham and Paphnutius), and two are concerned with the martyrdom of virgins (Dulcitus and Sapientia).
This edition, originally published in 1923, includes an introduction by Cardinal Francis Aidan Gasquet (an English Benedictine monk and scholar), a critical preface by the translator (Christopher St. John), and prefaces written by Roswitha herself.
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being received into the family of the Eternal King.
Faith
For His love we are all ready to die.
Sapientia
Oh, children, your words are sweeter to me than nectar!
Hope
When we come before the tribunal you will see what courage our love will give us.
Sapientia
Your mother will be crowned by your virginity and glorified by your martyrdom.
Charity
Let us go hand in hand to the tyrant and make him feel ashamed.
Sapientia
We must wait till the hour comes when we are summoned.
Faith
We chafe at the delay, but we must be patient.
Scene V
Hadrian
Antiochus, bring the Greek prisoners before us.
Antiochus
Step forward, Sapientia. The Emperor has asked for you and your daughters.
Sapientia
Walk with me bravely, children, and persevere with one mind in the faith. Think only of the happiness before youβ βof the martyrβs palm.
Hope
We are ready. And He is with us for Whose love we are to be led to death.
Hadrian
The three daysβ respite which of our clemency we granted you is over. If you have profited by it, obey our commands.
Sapientia
We have profited by it. It has strengthened our determination not to yield.
Antiochus
It is beneath your dignity to bandy words with this obstinate woman. Have you not had enough of her insolence and presumption?
Hadrian
Am I to send her away unpunished?
Antiochus
By no means.
Hadrian
What then?
Antiochus
Address yourself to the little girls. If they defy you, do not spare them because of their tender years, but have them put to death. That will teach their obstinate mother a lesson.
Hadrian
I will do as you advise.
Antiochus
This way you will succeed.
Hadrian
Faith, there is the venerated statue of the great Diana. Carry a libation to the holy goddess, and you will win her favour.
Faith
What a foolish man the Emperor must be to give such an order!
Hadrian
What are you muttering there? Behave yourself and do not laugh.
Faith
How can I help laughing? Such a lack of wisdom is ludicrous.
Hadrian
Whose lack of wisdom?
Faith
Why, yours!
Antiochus
You dare to speak to the Emperor so!
Faith
I speak the truth.
Antiochus
This is not to be endured!
Faith
What is it but folly to tell us to insult the Creator of the world and worship a bit of metal!
Antiochus
This girl is crazyβ βa raving lunatic! She calls the ruler of the world a fool!
Faith
I have said it, and I am ready to repeat it. I shall not take back my words as long as I live.
Antiochus
That will not be long. You deserve to die at once for such impudence.
Faith
I wish for nothing better than death in Christ.
Hadrian
Enough of this! Let ten centurions take turns in flaying her with scourges.
Antiochus
She deserves it.
Hadrian
Most valiant centurions, approach, and wipe out the insult which has been offered us.
Antiochus
That is the way.
Hadrian
Ask her now, Antiochus, if she will yield.
Antiochus
Faith, will you now withdraw your insults to the Imperial Majesty, and promise not to repeat them?
Faith
Why now?
Antiochus
The scourging should have brought you to your senses.
Faith
These whips cannot silence me, as they do not hurt at all.
Antiochus
Cursed obstinacy! Was there ever such insolence?
Hadrian
Although her body weakens under the chastisement, her spirit is still swollen with pride.
Faith
Hadrian, you are wrong. It is not I who am weakening, but your executioners. They sweat and faint with fatigue.
Hadrian
Antiochus, tell them to cut the nipples off her breasts. The shame will cow her.
Antiochus
I care not about the means, so long as she is forced to yield.
Faith
You have wounded my pure breast, but you have not hurt me. And look! Instead of blood a stream of milk gushes from my wounds.
Hadrian
Put her on a gridiron, and let fire be placed beneath so that she may be roasted to death.
Antiochus
She deserves a terrible death for her boldness in defying you.
Faith
All you do to cause me suffering is a source of bliss to me. I am as happy on this gridiron as if it were a little boat at sea!
Hadrian
Bring a brazier full of pitch and wax, and place it on the fire. Then fling this rebellious girl into the boiling liquid.
Faith
I will leap into it joyfully of my own accord.
Hadrian
So be it.
Faith
I laugh at your threats. Look! Am I hurt? I am swimming merrily in the boiling pitch. Its fierce heat seems as cool to me as the morning dew.
Hadrian
Antiochus, what can we do with her?
Antiochus
She must not escape.
Hadrian
She shall be beheaded.
Antiochus
That seems the only way of conquering her.
Faith
Now let my soul rejoice and exult in the Lord.
Sapientia
O Christ, invincible Conqueror of Satan, give my child, Faith, endurance to the end!
Faith
Holy and dear mother, say a last farewell to your daughter. Kiss your firstborn, but do not mourn for me, for my hands are outstretched to the reward of eternity.
Sapientia
Oh, my daughter, my darling dear, I am not dismayedβ βI am not distressed! I bid you farewell rejoicing. I kiss your mouth and eyes, weeping for joy. My only prayer is that beneath the executionerβs sword you may keep the mystery of your name inviolate.
Faith
Oh, my sisters, born of the same womb, give me the kiss of peace, and prepare yourselves for the struggle!
Hope
Help us with your prayers. Pray with all your might that we may be found worthy to follow in your footsteps.
Faith
Listen to the words of our holy mother. She has always taught us to despise the things of earth that we may gain those which are eternal.
Charity
We shall obey her in everything. We want to be worthy of eternal joy.
Faith
Come, executioner, do your duty, and put an end to my life.
Sapientia
I embrace the severed head of my dead child, and as I cover it with kisses I praise Thee, O Christ, Who hast given the victory to a little maid.
Hadrian
Hope, listen to me. Believe me, I advise you with fatherly affection.
Hope
What advice do you give
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