Roswitha, also known as Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim, was a tenth century German canoness, dramatist, and poet. A remarkable woman, she has been called the first Western playwright since antiquity as well as the first known woman playwright. She was inspired by the Roman comic playwright Terence, who wrote six farces filled with disguises, misunderstandings, and pagan debauchery. Upset by Terenceβs immoral subject matter but also inspired by his well-crafted plays, Roswitha sought to βChristianizeβ his work by writing six plays of her own.
Roswitha wrote six dramas in Latin. Two are concerned with the conversation of nonbelievers (Gallicanus and Callimachus), two are concerned with the repentance of sinners (Abraham and Paphnutius), and two are concerned with the martyrdom of virgins (Dulcitus and Sapientia).
This edition, originally published in 1923, includes an introduction by Cardinal Francis Aidan Gasquet (an English Benedictine monk and scholar), a critical preface by the translator (Christopher St. John), and prefaces written by Roswitha herself.
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to be enclosed in a narrow cell. She accepted her penance with sweetness and humility.
Antony
I am rejoiced by what you have told me! All the blood in my old veins exults and rejoices!
Paphnutius
That is because you are a saint.
Antony
Brother, you cannot mean that you are sad?
Paphnutius
I rejoice immeasurably in her conversion. Yet at times I am uneasy. I fear that the penance may have been too long and severe for a woman of such delicate frame.
Antony
That does you no wrong. Where true love is, loving compassion is not wanting.
Paphnutius
I came to beg yours for Thais. Of your charity give me your prayers. I beg you and your disciples to join with me in praying for a sign. Let us persevere in prayer until it is shown us from heaven that the penitentβs tears have moved the divine mercy to indulgence.
Antony
Brother Paphnutius, I have never granted a request more gladly. Come, we will gather together my disciples.
Paphnutius
I know that God will listen to his good servant Antony.
Scene XI
Antony
Thanks be to God! The gospelβs promise is fulfilled in us!
Paphnutius
What promise, blessed Antony?
Antony
Those who unite in prayer can obtain whatever they desire.
Paphnutius
What miracle has happened? What is it?
Antony
My disciple Paul has had a vision.
Paphnutius
What vision? Oh, call him!
Antony
He is here. Paul, my son, tell our brother, Paphnutius, the wonders you have seen.
Paul
Father, I saw in my vision a splendid bed. It was adorned with white hangings and coverings, and a crown was laid on it, and round it were four radiant virgins. They stood there as if they were guarding the crown. There was a great brightness round the bed, and a multitude of angels. I, seeing this wonderful and joyful sight, cried out, βThis glory must be for my master and father Antony!β
Antony
Son, did you not know Antony was unworthy of such honour?
Paul
But a divine voice answered me, saying, βThis glory is prepared, not, as you think, for Antony, but for the harlot, Thais!β
Paphnutius
O sweet Christ! How shall I praise Thee for so lovingly sending comfort to my sad heart?
Antony
He is worthy to be praised.
Paphnutius
Then farewell, Brother Antony. I must go at once to my captive.
Antony
You must indeed. It is time her valiant penance ended. You should assure her that her pardon is complete; you should fill her with hope, and speak to her only of the beatitude in store for her.
Paphnutius
Your blessing.
Scene XII
Paphnutius
Thais, my little daughter! Thais! Open the window and let me see you.
Thais
Who speaks?
Paphnutius
Paphnutius.
Thais
Why should you visit a poor sinner? Why should I be given this great joy and happiness?
Paphnutius
These years that I have been absent from you in the body have been weary to me too. I have thought of you night and day. I have yearned for your salvation.
Thais
I never doubted that.
Paphnutius
Tell me how things are with you. How have you lived here? What have you been doing?
Thais
Nothing worth the telling! I have nothing to offer God.
Paphnutius
The offering He loves best is a humble spirit.
Thais
All I have done is to gather up the many sins on my conscience into a mighty bundle and keep them always in mind. All day I have sat gazing towards the East, saying only this one prayer: βO God Who made me, pity me!β If my bodily senses have always been conscious of the offensiveness of this place, my heartβs eyes have never been blind to the dreadfulness of hell.
Paphnutius
Your great penitence has won a great forgiveness. Yet God has not pardoned you for your valiant expiation so much as for the love with which you have given yourself to Christ.
Thais
Can that be true? Would that it were!
Paphnutius
Give me your hand. Let me bring you out of your cell to prove you are forgiven.
Thais
No, father, leave me here. This place with all its uncleanness is best for me.
Paphnutius
The time has come for you to cast away your fear, and hope for life! God wishes your penance to end.
Thais
Let the angels praise Him! He has not despised the love of a humble sinner.
Paphnutius
Thais, would you rejoice if now you were called upon to lay aside this body?
Thais
Oh, father, my soul longs to escape from this earth.
Paphnutius
Thais, you have finished your course here. In fifteen days you will, by Godβs grace, pass straight to Paradise.
Thais
To Paradise! I should be happy if I might be spared hellβs torments and be mercifully cleansed in a gentle fire until my spirit is fit for the eternal happiness.
Paphnutius
Grace is the free gift of God and does not depend on our merits. If it did, it could not be called grace.
Thais
For this let the choirs of heaven praise Him, and all the little twigs and fresh green leaves on earth, all animals, and the great waters. He is patient with us when we fall! He is generous in His gifts when we repent.
Paphnutius
He loves to be merciful. From all eternity He has preferred pardon to punishment.
Scene XIII
Thais
Holy father, do not leave me. Be near to comfort me in this hour of my death.
Paphnutius
I will not leave you, Thais, until your soul has taken flight to the stars, and I have buried your body.
Thais
I feel the end is near. Brother, do not leave me!
Paphnutius
Now is the time to pray.
Thais
O God Who made me, pity me! Grant that the soul which Thou didst breathe into me may now happily return to Thee. O God Who made me, pity me!
Paphnutius
Thais! Thais! Oh, loving humble spirit, pass to thy glory!β ββ β¦ Angels lead her into Paradise!β ββ β¦ O uncreated Beauty, existing in Truth without material form, grant that the diverse parts of this human body now to be dissolved may return to their original elements! Grant that the soul, given from
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