Roswitha, also known as Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim, was a tenth century German canoness, dramatist, and poet. A remarkable woman, she has been called the first Western playwright since antiquity as well as the first known woman playwright. She was inspired by the Roman comic playwright Terence, who wrote six farces filled with disguises, misunderstandings, and pagan debauchery. Upset by Terenceβs immoral subject matter but also inspired by his well-crafted plays, Roswitha sought to βChristianizeβ his work by writing six plays of her own.
Roswitha wrote six dramas in Latin. Two are concerned with the conversation of nonbelievers (Gallicanus and Callimachus), two are concerned with the repentance of sinners (Abraham and Paphnutius), and two are concerned with the martyrdom of virgins (Dulcitus and Sapientia).
This edition, originally published in 1923, includes an introduction by Cardinal Francis Aidan Gasquet (an English Benedictine monk and scholar), a critical preface by the translator (Christopher St. John), and prefaces written by Roswitha herself.
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men through her marvellous beauty, and drag them down with her.
Disciples
What a woeful thing!
Paphnutius
And it is not only fools and wastrels who squander their substance with her. Citizens of high standing and virtue lay precious things at her feet, and enrich her to their own undoing.
Disciples
It is terrible to hear of such things.
Paphnutius
Flocks of lovers crowd to her doors.
Disciples
And to their destruction!
Paphnutius
They are so crazed with desire that they quarrel and fight for admission to her house.
Disciples
One vice brings another in its train.
Paphnutius
They come to blows. Heads are broken, faces bruised, noses smashed; at times they drive each other out with weapons, and the threshold of the vile place is dyed with blood!
Disciples
Most horrible!
Paphnutius
This is the injury to the Creator for which I weep day and night. This is the cause of my sorrow.
Disciples
We understand now. You have good reason to be distressed, and I doubt not that the citizens of the heavenly country share your grief.
Paphnutius
Oh, to rescue her from that wicked life! Why should I not try?
Disciples
God forbid!
Paphnutius
Brother, our Lord Jesus went among sinners.
Disciples
She would not receive a hermit.
Paphnutius
What if I were to go in the disguise of a lover?
Disciple
If that thought is from God, God will give you strength to accomplish it.
Paphnutius
I will set out immediately. I shall need your best prayers. Pray that I may not be overcome by the wiles of the serpent. Pray that I may be able to show this soul the beauty of divine love.
Disciple
May He Who laid low the Prince of Darkness give you the victory over the enemy of the human race.
Scene II
Paphnutius
I am bewildered in this town. I cannot find my way. Now I shut my eyes, and I am back in the desert. I can hear my childrenβs voices praising God. Good children, I know you are praying for me! I fear to speak. I fear to ask my way. O God, come to my help! I see some young men in the marketplace. They are coming this way. I will go up to them and ask where she is to be found.
The Young Men
That stranger seems to want to speak to us.
Young Man
Let us go and find out.
Paphnutius
Your pardon, gentlemen. Am I speaking to citizens of this town?
Young Man
You are. Can we do anything for you?
Paphnutius
My salutations!
Young Man
And ours, whether you are a native or a foreigner.
Paphnutius
I am a stranger.
Young Man
What brings you here? Have you come for pleasure, business, or learning? This is a great city for learning. Which is it?
Paphnutius
I cannot say.
Young Man
Why?
Paphnutius
That is my secret.
Young Man
It would be wiser to tell us your secret. It will be difficult for you, a stranger, to do your business here without the advice of us citizens.
Paphnutius
But if I tell you, you may try to hinder me from carrying out my plans.
Young Man
You can trust us. We are men of honour!
Paphnutius
I believe it. I will trust in your loyalty and tell you my secret.
Young Man
We are not traitors. No harm shall come to you.
Paphnutius
I am told that there lives in this town a woman who loves all who love her. She is kind to all men; sheβll not deny them anything.
Young Man
Stranger, you must tell us her name. There are many women of that kind in our city. Do you know her name?
Paphnutius
Yes, I know it.
Young Man
Who is she?
Paphnutius
Thais.
Young Man
Thais! She is the flame of this land! She sets all hearts on fire.
Paphnutius
They say she is beautiful. The most exquisite woman of her kind in the world!
Young Man
They have not deceived you.
Paphnutius
For her sake I have made a long and difficult journey. I have come here only to see her.
Young Man
Well, what should prevent you? You are young and handsome.
Paphnutius
Where does she live?
Young Man
Over there. Her house is quite near this place.
Paphnutius
That house?
Young Man
Yes, to the left of the statue.
Paphnutius
I will go there.
Young Man
If you like, we will come with you.
Paphnutius
I thank you for the courtesy, but I would rather go alone.
Young Man
We understand. Have you money in your purse, stranger? Thais loves a handsome face, but she loves a full purse more.
Paphnutius
Gentlemen, I am rich. I have a rare present to offer her.
Young Man
To our next meeting, then! Farewell. May Thais be kind!
Paphnutius
Farewell.
Scene III
Paphnutius
Thais! Thais!
Thais
Who is there? I do not know that voice.
Paphnutius
Thais! Your lover speaks! Thais!
Thais
Stranger, who are you?
Paphnutius
Arise, my love, my beautiful one, and come!
Thais
Who are you?
Paphnutius
A man who loves you!
Thais
And what do you want with me?
Paphnutius
I will show you.
Thais
You would be my lover?
Paphnutius
I am your lover, Thais, flame of the world!
Thais
Whoever loves me is well paid. He receives as much as he gives.
Paphnutius
Oh, Thais, Thais! If you knew what a long and troublesome journey I have come to speak to youβ βto see your face!
Thais
Well? Have I refused to speak to you, or to show you my face?
Paphnutius
I cannot speak to you here. I must be with you alone. What I have to say is secret. The room must be secret too.
Thais
How would you like a bedchamber, fragrant with perfumes, adorned as for a marriage? I have such a room. Look!
Paphnutius
Is there no room still more secretβ βa room that your lovers do not know? Some room where you and I might hide from all the world?
Thais
Yes, there is a room like that in this house. No one even knows that it exists except myself, and God.
Paphnutius
God! What God?
Thais
The true God.
Paphnutius
You believe that He exists?
Thais
I am a Christian.
Paphnutius
And you believe that He knows what we do?
Thais
I believe He knows everything.
Paphnutius
What do you think, then? That He
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