The Country Wife was first performed in January 1672 at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. It traces several plot lines, the principle of which follows notorious rake Harry Horner’s attempt to carry on affairs by spreading a rumor that he was now a eunuch and no longer a threat to any man’s wife. It was controversial for its sexual explicitness even in its own time, having several notorious scenes filled with extended sexual innuendo and women carousing, singing riotous songs, and behaving exactly like their male counterparts.
With the restoration of the monarchy in 1660 the eighteen year ban on theater imposed by the Puritans was lifted. Charles II’s time in France had nurtured a fascination with the stage and, with his enthusiastic support, Restoration drama was soon once again a thriving part of the London culture—but it provided a completely different experience from Jacobean theater.
Christopher Wren’s newly built Theatre Royal provided a modern stage that accommodated innovations in scenic design and created a new relationship between actors and the audience. Another novelty, imported from France, was the presence of women on stage for the first time in British history. Restoration audiences were fascinated and often aghast to see real women perform, matching their male counterparts both in their wit and use of double entendre.
William Wycherley had spent some of the Commonwealth years in France and become interested in French drama. Borrowing extensively from Molière and others, he wrote several plays for this new theater, with his last two comedies, The Country Wife and The Plain Dealer, being the most famous. At the time, The Country Wife was considered the bawdiest and wittiest play yet seen on the English stage. It enjoyed popularity throughout the period but, as mores shifted and became more strict, the play was eventually considered too outrageous to be performed at all and between 1753 and 1924 was generally replaced on the stage by David Garrick’s cleaned-up, bland version.
gentleman come, whom you bid me not suffer to come up, without giving you notice, with a lady too, and other gentlemen.
Horner
Do you all go in there, whilst I send ’em away; and, boy, do you desire ’em to stay below till I come, which shall be immediately.
Exeunt Sir Jasper Fidget, Lady Fidget, Lady Squeamish, Mrs. Squeamish, and Mrs. Dainty Fidget.
Boy
Yes, sir.
Exit.
Exit Horner at the other door, and returns with Mrs. Pinchwife.
Horner
You would not take my advice, to be gone home before your husband came back, he’ll now discover all; yet pray, my dearest, be persuaded to go home, and leave the rest to my management; I’ll let you down the back way.
Mrs. Pinchwife
I don’t know the way home, so I don’t.
Horner
My man shall wait upon you.
Mrs. Pinchwife
No, don’t you believe that I’ll go at all; what, are you weary of me already?
Horner
No, my life, ’tis that I may love you long, ’tis to secure my love, and your reputation with your husband; he’ll never receive you again else.
Mrs. Pinchwife
What care I? d’ye think to frighten me with that? I don’t intend to go to him again; you shall be my husband now.
Horner
I cannot be your husband, dearest, since you are married to him.
Mrs. Pinchwife
O, would you make me believe that? Don’t I see every day at London here, women leave their first husbands, and go and live with other men as their wives? pish, pshaw! you’d make me angry, but that I love you so mainly.
Horner
So, they are coming up—In again, in, I hear ’em.—
Exit Mrs. Pinchwife. Well, a silly mistress is like a weak place, soon got, soon lost, a man has scarce time for plunder; she betrays her husband first to her gallant, and then her gallant to her husband.
Enter Pinchwife, Alithea, Harcourt, Sparkish, Lucy, and a Parson.
Pinchwife
Come, madam, ’tis not the sudden change of your dress, the confidence of your asseverations, and your false witness there, shall persuade me I did not bring you hither just now; here’s my witness, who cannot deny it, since you must be confronted.—Mr. Horner, did not I bring this lady to you just now?
Horner
Now must I wrong one woman for another’s sake—but that’s no new thing with me, for in these cases I am still on the criminal’s side against the innocent. Aside.
Alithea
Pray speak, sir.
Horner
It must be so. I must be impudent, and try my luck; impudence uses to be too hard for truth. Aside.
Pinchwife
What, you are studying an evasion or excuse for her! Speak, sir.
Horner
No, faith, I am something backward only to speak in women’s affairs or disputes.
Pinchwife
She bids you speak.
Alithea
Ay, pray, sir, do, pray satisfy him.
Horner
Then truly, you did bring that lady to me just now.
Pinchwife
O ho!
Alithea
How, sir?
Harcourt
How, Horner?
Alithea
What mean you, sir? I always took you for a man of honour.
Horner
Ay, so much a man of honour, that I must save my mistress, I thank you, come what will on’t. Aside.
Sparkish
So, if I had had her, she’d have made me believe the moon had been made of a Christmas pie.
Lucy
Now could I speak, if I durst, and solve the riddle, who am the author of it. Aside.
Alithea
O unfortunate woman! A combination against my honour! which most concerns me now, because you share in my disgrace, sir, and it is your censure, which I must now suffer, that troubles me, not theirs.
Harcourt
Madam, then have no trouble, you shall now see ’tis possible for me to love too, without being jealous; I will not only believe your innocence myself, but make all the world believe it.—Aside to Horner. Horner, I must now be concerned for this lady’s honour.
Horner
And I must be concerned for a lady’s honour too.
Harcourt
This lady has her honour, and I will protect it.
Horner
My lady has not her honour, but has given it me to keep, and I will preserve it.
Harcourt
I understand you not.
Horner
I would not have you.
Mrs. Pinchwife
What’s the matter with ’em all? Peeping in behind.
Pinchwife
Come, come, Mr. Horner, no more disputing; here’s the parson, I brought him not in vain.
Harcourt
No, sir, I’ll employ him, if this lady please.
Pinchwife
How! what d’ye mean?
Sparkish
Ay, what does he mean?
Horner
Why, I have resigned your sister to him, he has my consent.
Pinchwife
But he has not mine, sir; a woman’s injured honour, no more than a man’s, can be repaired or satisfied by any but him that first wronged it; and you shall marry her presently, or—Lays his hand on his sword.
Re-enter Mrs. Pinchwife.
Mrs. Pinchwife
O Lord, they’ll kill poor Mr. Horner! besides, he shan’t marry her whilst I stand by, and look on; I’ll not lose my second husband so.
Pinchwife
What do I see?
Alithea
My sister in my clothes!
Sparkish
Ha!
Mrs. Pinchwife
Nay, pray now don’t quarrel about finding work for the parson, he shall marry me to Mr. Horner; or now, I believe, you have enough of me. To Pinchwife.
Horner
Damned, damned loving changeling! Aside.
Mrs. Pinchwife
Pray, sister, pardon me for telling so many lies of you.
Horner
I suppose the riddle is plain now.
Lucy
No, that must be my work.—Good sir, hear me. Kneels to Pinchwife, who stands doggedly with his hat over his eyes.
Pinchwife
I will never hear woman again, but make ’em all silent thus—Offers to draw upon his Wife.
Horner
No, that must not be.
Pinchwife
You then shall go first, ’tis all one to me. Offers to draw on Horner, but is stopped by Harcourt.
Harcourt
Hold!
Re-enter Sir Jasper Fidget, Lady Fidget, Lady Squeamish, Mrs. Dainty Fidget, and Mrs. Squeamish.
Sir Jasper
What’s the matter? what’s the matter? pray, what’s the matter, sir? I beseech you communicate, sir.
Pinchwife
Why, my wife has communicated, sir, as your wife may have done too, sir, if she knows him, sir.
Sir Jasper
Pshaw, with
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