War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy (ebook reader for pc TXT) ๐
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Against the backdrop of the Napoleonic Wars, five aristocratic families in Russia are transformed by the vagaries of life, by war, and by the intersection of their lives with each other. Hundreds of characters populate War and Peace, many of them historical persons, including Napoleon and Tsar Alexander I, and all of them come to life under Tolstoyโs deft hand.
War and Peace is generally considered to be Tolstoyโs masterpiece, a pinnacle of Russian literature, and one of historyโs great novels. Tolstoy himself refused to call it that, saying it was โnot a novel, even less is it a poem, and still less a historical chronicle.โ It contains elements of history, narrative, and philosophy, the latter increasing in quantity as the book moves towards its climax. Whatever it is called, it is a triumph whose breadth and depth is perhaps unmatched in literature.
This production restores the Russian given names that were anglicized by the Maudes in their translation, the use of Russian patronymics and diminutives that they eliminated, and Tolstoyโs original four-book structure.
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- Author: Leo Tolstoy
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At the end of August the Rostรณvs received another letter from Nikolรกy. He wrote from the province of Vorรณnezh where he had been sent to procure remounts, but that letter did not set the countess at ease. Knowing that one son was out of danger she became the more anxious about Pรฉtya.
Though by the twentieth of August nearly all the Rostรณvsโ acquaintances had left Moscow, and though everybody tried to persuade the countess to get away as quickly as possible, she would not hear of leaving before her treasure, her adored Pรฉtya, returned. On the twenty-eighth of August he arrived. The passionate tenderness with which his mother received him did not please the sixteen-year-old officer. Though she concealed from him her intention of keeping him under her wing, Pรฉtya guessed her designs, and instinctively fearing that he might give way to emotion when with herโ โmight โbecome womanishโ as he termed it to himselfโ โhe treated her coldly, avoided her, and during his stay in Moscow attached himself exclusively to Natรกsha for whom he had always had a particularly brotherly tenderness, almost lover-like.
Owing to the countโs customary carelessness nothing was ready for their departure by the twenty-eighth of August and the carts that were to come from their Ryazรกn and Moscow estates to remove their household belongings did not arrive till the thirtieth.
From the twenty-eighth till the thirty-first all Moscow was in a bustle and commotion. Every day thousands of men wounded at Borodinรณ were brought in by the Dorogomรญlov gate and taken to various parts of Moscow, and thousands of carts conveyed the inhabitants and their possessions out by the other gates. In spite of Rostopchรญnโs broadsheets, or because of them or independently of them, the strangest and most contradictory rumors were current in the town. Some said that no one was to be allowed to leave the city, others on the contrary said that all the icons had been taken out of the churches and everybody was to be ordered to leave. Some said there had been another battle after Borodinรณ at which the French had been routed, while others on the contrary reported that the Russian army had been destroyed. Some talked about the Moscow militia which, preceded by the clergy, would go to the Three Hills; others whispered that Augustin had been forbidden to leave, that traitors had been seized, that the peasants were rioting and robbing people on their way from Moscow, and so on. But all this was only talk; in reality (though the Council of Filรญ, at which it was decided to abandon Moscow, had not yet been held) both those who went away and those who remained behind felt, though they did not show it, that Moscow would certainly be abandoned, and that they ought to get away as quickly as possible and save their belongings. It was felt that everything would suddenly break up and change, but up to the first of September nothing had done so. As a criminal who is being led to execution knows that he must die immediately, but yet looks about him and straightens the cap that is awry on his head, so Moscow involuntarily continued its wonted life, though it knew that the time of its destruction was near when the conditions of life to which its people were accustomed to submit would be completely upset.
During the three days preceding the occupation of Moscow the whole Rostรณv family was absorbed in various activities. The head of the family, Count Ilyรก Andrรฉevich, continually drove about the city collecting the current rumors from all sides and gave superficial and hasty orders at home about the preparations for their departure.
The countess watched the things being packed, was dissatisfied with everything, was constantly in pursuit of Pรฉtya who was always running away from her, and was jealous of Natรกsha with whom he spent all his time. Sรณnya alone directed the practical side of matters by getting things packed. But of late Sรณnya had been particularly sad and silent. Nicolasโ letter in which he mentioned Princess Mรกrya had elicited, in her presence, joyous comments from the countess, who saw an intervention of Providence in this meeting of the princess and Nicolas.
โI was never pleased at Bolkรณnskiโs engagement to Natรกsha,โ said the countess, โbut I always wanted Nikรณlenka to marry the princess, and had a presentiment that it would happen. What a good thing it would be!โ
Sรณnya felt that this was true: that the only possibility of retrieving the Rostรณvsโ affairs was by Nikolรกy marrying a rich woman, and that the princess was a good match. It was very bitter for her. But despite her grief, or perhaps just because of it, she took on herself all the difficult work of directing the storing and packing of their things and was busy for whole days. The count and countess turned to her when they had any orders to give. Pรฉtya and Natรกsha on the contrary, far from helping their parents, were generally a nuisance and a hindrance to everyone. Almost all day long the house resounded with their running feet, their cries, and their spontaneous laughter. They laughed and were gay not because there was any reason to laugh, but because gaiety and mirth were in their hearts and so everything that happened was a cause for
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