R.U.R., or Rossum’s Universal Robots is a play written in 1920 by Karel Čapek, a Czech writer who wrote many plays and novels, many of them with science-fiction and dystopian themes. R.U.R. is perhaps the most well-known of these works in the English-speaking world because it brought the word “robot” into the language. “Robot” is derived from the Czech word meaning “worker.”
The play is set in the island headquarters of the R.U.R. corporation. The corporation has been manufacturing artificial beings which resemble humans, but who are tireless workers. They can be mass-produced in large numbers and are being adopted as workers in many countries. In the first scene of the play, they are visited by a young woman, Helena Glory, who aspires to relieve the lot of the robots, who she sees as oppressed. However, in what must be the fastest seduction scene in all drama, she is wooed and agrees to marry Harry Domin, the factory manager, who she has just met. She still however aspires to improve the life of robots and find a way to give them souls. Ultimately, however, this admirable desire leads to disaster for humankind.
The play was translated into English, and slightly abridged, by Paul Selver and Nigel Playfair in 1923. This version quickly became popular with both British and American audiences and was well received by critics.
aren’t armed.
Domin
Puzzled. We couldn’t hold our own for five minutes. Man alive, they overwhelm us like an avalanche. Why don’t they make a rush for it? I say. Turns to Gall.
Dr. Gall
Well?
Domin
I’d like to know what will become of us in the next ten minutes. They’ve got us in a vise. We’re done for, Gall.
Dr. Gall
You know, we made one serious mistake.
Domin
What?
Dr. Gall
We made the Robots’ faces too much alike. A hundred thousand faces all alike, all facing this way. A hundred thousand expressionless bubbles. It’s like a nightmare.
Domin
You think if they’d been different—
Dr. Gall
It wouldn’t have been such an awful sight!
Domin
Looks through binoculars towards the harbor. I’d like to know what they’re unloading from the Amelia.
Dr. Gall
Not firearms.
Fabry
Enters L. 2 with a plug-box to which is attached a long cable or wire. Hallemeier following him. Fabry attaches the cable to an electric installation which is on the floor near the wall, down stage at L. 1 entrance. All right, Hallemeier, lay down that wire.
Hallemeier
Just inside the room. That was a bit of work. What’s the news? Seeing Domin and Gall at the window.
Dr. Gall
We’re completely surrounded.
Hallemeier
Crosses to window.) We’ve barricaded the passages and the stairs. Going to window. God, what swarms of them. I don’t like the looks of them, Domin. There’s a feeling of death about it all. Any water here?
Fabry
Ready!
Dr. Gall
Turning round in the chair. What’s that wire for, Fabry?
Fabry
The electrical installation. Now we can run the current all along the garden railing. Up to window. Whenever we like. If anyone touches it he’ll know it. We’ve still got some people there anyhow.
Dr. Gall
Where?
Fabry
In the electrical works. At least, I hope so. Goes to lamp on table L. C. and turns on lamp. Ah, they’re there, and they’re working. As long as that’ll burn we’re all right. To window.
Hallemeier
The barricades are all right, too, Fabry.
Fabry
Your barricades! I can put twelve hundred volts into that railing. Helena is playing Rachmaninoff’s “Elegie” off L. 1.
Domin
Where’s Busman? Domin has left window and is walking up and down stage across front.
Fabry
Downstairs in the office. He’s working out some calculations.
Domin
I’ve called him. We must have a conference. Crosses to L.
Alquist
Thank God Madame Helena can still play. Hallemeier crosses to L. 1 door, opens it slightly and listens to music. Enter Busman L. 2.
Fabry
Look out, Bus—look out for the wires.
Dr. Gall
What’s that you’re carrying?
Busman
Laying the books on the table L. C. The ledger, my boy. I’d like to wind up the accounts before—before—Domin crosses up to window. Well, this time I shan’t wait till the New Year to strike a balance. What’s up? Goes to window. Absolutely quiet.
Dr. Gall
Can’t you see anything?
Busman
Nothing but blue—blue everywhere.
Dr. Gall
That’s the Robots.
Domin
The Robots are unloading firearms from the Amelia.
Busman
Well, what of it? How can I stop them? Returns to L. C. table, sits and opens ledger.
Domin
We can’t stop them.
Busman
Then let me go on with my accounts. Goes on with his work.
Domin
Picks up telescope. Good God! The Ultimus has trained her guns on us.
Dr. Gall
Who’s done that?
Domin
The Robots on board.
Fabry
H’m, then of course—Pause. Then—then that’s the end of us. To R. corner of desk.
Dr. Gall
You mean?
Fabry
The Robots are practised marksmen.
Domin
Yes. It’s inevitable. Pause.
Dr. Gall
Swinging around; looking into room. Pause. That was criminal of old Europe to teach the Robots to fight. Damn them. Couldn’t they have given us a rest with their politics? It was a crime to make soldiers of them.
Alquist
It was a crime to make Robots.
Domin
Quietly. Down C. No, Alquist, I don’t regret that even today.
Alquist
Not even today?
Domin
Dreamily. Not even today, the last day of civilization. It was a colossal achievement.
Busman
Sotto voce. Three hundred sixty million.
Domin
From window. Alquist, this is our last hour. We are already speaking half in the other world. That was not an evil dream to shatter the servitude of labor. The dreadful and humiliating labor that man had to undergo. Work was too hard. Life was too hard. And to overcome that—
Alquist
Was not what the two Rossums dreamed of. Old Rossum only thought of his Godless tricks, and the young one of his milliards. And that’s not what your R.U.R. shareholders dream of either. They dream of dividends, and their dividends are the ruin of mankind.
Domin
To Hell with your dividends. Crossing R. in front of couch. Do you suppose I’d have done an hour’s work for them? It was for myself that I worked, for my own satisfaction. I wanted man to become the master. So that he shouldn’t live merely for the crust of bread. I wanted not a single soul to be broken by other people’s machinery. I wanted nothing, nothing, nothing to be left of this appalling social structure. I’m revolted by poverty. I wanted a new generation. I wanted—I thought—
Alquist
Well?
Domin
Front of couch. I wanted to turn the whole of mankind into an aristocracy of the world. An aristocracy nourished by millions of mechanical slaves. Unrestricted, free and consummated in man. And maybe more than man.
Alquist
Superman?
Domin
Yes. Oh, only to have a hundred years of time. Another hundred years for the future of mankind.
Busman
Sotto voce. Carried forward—four hundred and twenty millions. Domin sits on couch.
Hallemeier
Pauses—back of couch. What a fine thing music is. We ought to have gone in for that before.
Fabry
Gone in for what?
Hallemeier
Beauty, lovely things. What a lot of lovely things there are. The world was wonderful, and we—we here—tell me, what enjoyment did we have?
Busman
Sotto
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