Latin for Beginners by Benjamin Leonard D'Ooge (bill gates books recommendations txt) 📕

monēbun´tur, -ntur
    they will be loved they will be advised

1. The tense sign and the personal endings are added as in the active.

2. In the future the tense sign «-bi-» appears as «-bo-» in the first person, «-be-» in the second, singular number, and as «-bu-» in the third person plural.

3. Inflect «laudō», «necō», «portō», «moveō», «dēleō», «iubeō», in the present, imperfect, and future indicative, active and passive.

«166.» Intransitive verbs, such as «mātūrō», I hasten; «habitō», I dwell, do not have a passive voice with a personal subject.

«167.» EXERCISES

I. 1. Laudāris or laudāre, laudās, datur, dat. 2. Dabitur, dabit, vidēminī, vidētis. 3. Vocābat, vocābātur, dēlēbitis, dēlēbiminī. 4. Parābātur, parābat, cūrās, cūrāris or cūrāre. 5. Portābantur, portābant, vidēbimur, vidēbimus. 6. Iubēris or iubēre, iubēs, laudābāris or laudābāre, laudābās. 7. Movēberis or movēbere, movēbis, dabantur, dabant. 8. Dēlentur, dēlent, parābāmur, parābāmus.

II. 1. We prepare, we are prepared, I shall be called, I shall call, you were carrying, you were being carried. 2. I see, I am seen, it was being announced, he was announcing, they will order, they will be ordered. 3. You will be killed, you will kill, you move, you are moved, we are praising, we are being praised. 4. I am called, I call, you will have, you are cared for. 5. They are seen, they see, we were teaching, we were being taught, they will move, they will be moved.

[Illustration: PERSEUS ANDROMEDAM SERVAT]

«168.» PER´SEUS AND ANDROM´EDA

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 288.

Perseus fīlius erat Iovis,[2] maximī[3] deōrum. Dē eō multās fabulās nārrant poētae. Eī favent deī, eī magica arma et ālās dant. Eīs tēlīs armātus et ālīs frētus ad multās terrās volābat et mōnstra saeva dēlēbat et miserīs īnfīrmīsque auxilium dabat.

Aethiopia est terra Āfricae. Eam terram Cēpheus[4] regēbat. Eī[5] Neptūnus, maximus aquārum deus, erat īrātus et mittit[6] mōnstrum saevum ad Aethiopiam. Ibi mōnstrum nōn sōlum lātīs pulchrīsque Aethiopiae agrīs nocēbat sed etiam domicilia agricolārum dēlēbat, et multōs virōs, fēminās, līberōsque necābat. Populus ex agrīs fugiēbat et oppida mūrīs validīs mūniēbat. Tum Cēpheus magnā trīstitiā commōtus ad Iovis ōrāculum properat et ita dīcit: “Amīcī meī necantur; agrī meī vāstantur. Audī verba mea, Iuppiter. Dā miserīs auxilium. Age mōnstrum saevum ex patriā.”

[Footnote 2: «Iovis», the genitive of «Iuppiter».]

[Footnote 3: Used substantively, the greatest. So below, l. 4, «miserīs» and «īnfīrmīs» are used substantively.]

[Footnote 4: Pronounce in two syllables, Ce´pheus.]

[Footnote 5: «Eī», at him, dative with «īrātus».]

[Footnote 6: The present is often used, as in English, in speaking of a past action, in order to make the story more vivid and exciting.]

LESSON XXVIII PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE PASSIVE OF REGŌ AND AUDIŌ

[Special Vocabulary]

  VERBS
  «respondeō, -ēre», respond, reply
  «servō, -āre», save, preserve

  ADJECTIVE
  «cārus, -a, -um», dear (cherish)

  CONJUNCTION
  «autem», but, moreover, now. Usually stands second, never first

  NOUN
  «vīta, -ae», f., life (vital)

«169.» Review the present, imperfect, and future indicative active of «regō» and «audiō», and learn the passive of the same tenses (§§490, 491).

a. Observe that the tense signs of the imperfect and future are the same as in the active voice, and that the passive personal endings (§164) are added instead of the active ones.

b. Note the slight irregularity in the second person singular present of the third conjugation. There the final «-e-» of the stem is not changed to «-i-», as it is in the active. We therefore have «re´geris» or «re´gere», not «re´giris», «re´gire».

c. Inflect «agō», «dīcō», «dūcō», «mūniō», «reperiō», in the present, imperfect, and future indicative, active and passive.

«170.» EXERCISES

I. 1. Agēbat, agēbātur, mittēbat, mittēbātur, dūcēbat. 2. Agunt, aguntur, mittuntur, mittunt, mūniunt. 3. Mittor, mittar, mittam, dūcēre, dūcere. 4. Dīcēmur, dīcimus, dīcēmus, dīcimur, mūniēbaminī. 5. Dūcitur, dūciminī, reperīmur, reperiar, agitur. 6. Agēbāmus, agēbāmur, reperīris, reperiēminī. 7. Mūnīminī, veniēbam, dūcēbar, dīcētur. 8. Mittiminī, mittitis, mittēris, mitteris, agēbāminī. 9. Dīcitur, dīcit, mūniuntur, reperient, audientur.

II. 1. I was being driven, I was driving, we were leading, we were being led, he says, it is said. 2. I shall send, I shall be sent, you will find, you will be found, they lead, they are led. 3. I am found, we are led, they are driven, you were being led (sing. and plur.). 4. We shall drive, we shall be driven, he leads, he is being led, they will come, they will be fortified. 5. They were ruling, they were being ruled, you will send, you will be sent, you are sent, (sing. and plur.). 6. He was being led, he will come, you are said (sing. and plur.).

«171.» PERSEUS AND ANDROMEDA (Continued)

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 288.

Tum ōrāculum ita respondet: “Mala est fortūna tua. Neptūnus, magnus aquārum deus, terrae Aethiopiae inimīcus, eās poenās mittit. Sed parā īrātō deō sacrum idōneum et mōnstrum saevum ex patriā tuā agētur. Andromeda fīlia tua est mōnstrō grāta. Dā eam mōnstrō. Servā cāram patriam et vītam populī tuī.” Andromeda autem erat puella pulchra. Eam amābat Cēpheus maximē.

LESSON XXIX PRESENT, IMPERFECT, AND FUTURE INDICATIVE PASSIVE OF -IŌ VERBS PRESENT PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND IMPERATIVE

[Special Vocabulary]

  VERB
  «superō, -āre», conquer, overcome (insuperable)

  NOUNS
  «cūra, -ae», f., care, trouble
  «locus, -ī», m., place, spot (location). «Locus» is neuter in the
     plural and is declined «loca, -ōrum», etc.
  «perīculum, -ī», n., danger, peril

  ADVERBS
  «semper», always
  «tamen», yet, nevertheless

PREPOSITIONS «dē», with abl., down from; concerning «per», with acc., through

  CONJUNCTION
  «si», if

«172.» Review the active voice of «capiō», present, imperfect, and future, and learn the passive of the same tenses (§492).

a. The present forms «capior» and «capiuntur» are like «audior, audiuntur», and the rest of the tense is like «regor».

b. In like manner inflect the passive of «iaciō» and «rapiō».

«173.» «The Infinitive.» The infinitive mood gives the general meaning of the verb without person or number; as, «amāre», to love. Infinitive means unlimited. The forms of the other moods, being limited by person and number, are called the finite, or limited, verb forms.

«174.» The forms of the Present Infinitive, active and passive, are as follows:

CONJ. PRES. PRES. INFINITIVE PRES. INFINITIVE STEM ACTIVE PASSIVE

    I. «amā-» amā´re, amā´rī,
                      to love to be loved
   II. «monē-» monē´re, monē´rī,
                      to advise to be advised
  III. «rege-» re´gere, re´gī,
                      to rule to be ruled
         «cape-» ca´pere ca´pī,
                      to take to be taken
   IV. «audī-» audī´re, audīrī,
                       to hear to be heard

1. Observe that to form the present active infinitive we add «-re» to the present stem.

a. The present infinitive of «sum» is «esse». There is no passive.

2. Observe that the present passive infinitive is formed from the active by changing final «-e» to «-ī», except in the third conjugation, which changes final «-ere» to «-ī».

3. Give the active and passive present infinitives of «doceō», «sedeō», «volō», «cūrō», «mittō», «dūcō», «mūniō», «reperiō», «iaciō», «rapiō.»

«175.» The forms of the Present Imperative, active and passive, are as follows:

         ACTIVE[1] PASSIVE
  CONJ. SINGULAR PLURAL SINGULAR PLURAL
     I. «a´mā» amā´te amā´re, amā´minī,
                                be thou loved be ye loved
    II. «mo´nē» monē´te monē´re, monē´minī,
                                be thou advised be ye advised
   III. «re´ge» re´gite re´gere, regi´minī,
                                be thou ruled be ye ruled
         «ca´pe» ca´pite ca´pere, capi´minī,
                                be thou taken be ye taken
    IV. «au´dī» audī´te audī´re, audī´minī,
                                be thou heard be ye heard

1. Observe that the second person singular of the present passive imperative is like the present active infinitive, and that both singular and plural are like the second person singular[2] and plural, respectively, of the present passive indicative.

2. Give the present imperative, both active and passive, of the verbs in §174.3.

    [Footnote 1: For the sake of comparison the active is repeated from
    §161.]

    [Footnote 2: That is, using the personal ending «-re». A form like
    «amāre» may be either indicative, infinitive, or imperative.]

«176.» EXERCISES

First learn the special vocabulary, p. 289.

I. 1. Tum Perseus ālīs ad terrās multās volabit. 2. Mōnstrum saevum per aquās properat et mox agrōs nostrōs vāstābit. 3. Sī autem Cēpheus ad ōrāculum properābit, ōrāculum ita respondēbit. 4. Quis tēlīs Perseī superābitur? Multa mōnstra tēlīs eius superābuntur. 5. Cum cūrīs magnīs et lacrimīs multīs agricolae ex domiciliīs cārīs aguntur. 6. Multa loca vāstābantur et multa oppida dēlēbantur. 7. Mōnstrum est validum, tamen superābitur. 8. Crēdēsne semper verbīs ōrāculī? Ego iīs non semper crēdam. 9. Pārēbitne Cēpheus ōrāculō? Verba ōrāculī eī persuādēbunt. 10. Si nōn fugiēmus, oppidum capiētur et oppidānī necābuntur. 11. Vocāte puerōs et nārrāte fābulam clāram dē mōnstrō saevō.

II. 1. Fly thou, to be cared for, be ye sent, lead thou. 2. To lead, to be led, be ye seized, fortify thou. 3. To be hurled, to fly, send thou, to be found. 4. To be sent, be ye led, to hurl, to be taken. 5. Find thou, hear ye, be ye ruled, to be fortified.

LESSON XXX SYNOPSES IN THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS · THE ABLATIVE DENOTING FROM

[Special Vocabulary]

  VERBS
  «absum, abesse», irreg., be away, be absent, be distant, with
     separative abl.
  «adpropinquō, -āre», draw near, approach (propinquity), with
     dative[A]
  «contineō, -ēre», hold together, hem in, keep (contain)
  «discēdō, -ere», depart, go away, leave, with separative abl.
  «egeō, -ēre», lack, need, be without, with separative abl.
  «interficiō, -ere», kill
  «prohibeō, -ēre», restrain, keep from (prohibit)
  «vulnerō, -āre», wound (vulnerable)

  NOUNS
  «prōvincia, -ae», f., province
  «vīnum, -ī», n., wine

  ADJECTIVE
  «dēfessus, -a, -um», weary, worn out

  ADVERB
  «longē», far, by far, far away